Introduction – Pipe
Rolls – Fines – Sources – Example – Glossary – Field
Systems – Mobility – Detailed
Entries – Surname Index
Headley Home Page – 1552 Survey
– Rent Roll of 1774 – Burials
from 1539 – Timeline for Headley –
Contact
Philip Brooks was born in Leicester in 1910 and first developed an interest in agriculture when his father, a well-known scientist, bought Holywell Farm, not far from the city. As a result, Philip went to agricultural college, but could not find permanent work because, at the time, farming was severely affected by the Great Depression of the 1930s.
Consequently, he first worked in South Africa and later in Argentina where he was involved in clearing forest and managing orange plantations. He returned to Britain towards the middle of the Second World War and joined the RAF, remaining in the forces until virtually the end of the war.
After a brief return to Argentina, he came back to Britain and after working in several other places, came to Churt in 1950, taking a job as farm manager for Col. Rose at Old Kiln Farm. His interest in documentary history started as a result of examining deeds while purchasing parcels of land in Churt to expand Col. Rose's landholding. This led him to become involved on several archaeological excavations and on his retirement in 1974, having moved next door to the bungalow where he still lives, he devoted himself to the study of the history of Churt. In this, as in nearly everything else, he was helped greatly by his wife Mary, whom he had originally met at college and who sadly died a year ago [in 1999 – Philip himself died the following year in June 2000]
Initially, this interest led him to help with the work of the Domestic Buildings Research Group (Surrey) in recording the remarkable numbers of surviving Tudor buildings in the surrounding area. However, increasingly his attention was drawn to the documents preserved in the Hampshire Record Office in Winchester and in particular to the Winchester Pipe Rolls – the great medieval account rolls of the bishops of Winchester.
Philip mastered the intricacies of medieval Latin and over a number of years produced a series of articles on life in the medieval Hundred of Farnham. He became well known to a wide audience for the scope of his research and he opened the eyes of many people to the rich source of information to be found in the medieval and Tudor records. He is particularly authoritative on agricultural matters, as almost uniquely he has first-hand experience of clearing forest and of the use of traditional farming techniques. This knowledge has given Philip a remarkable insight into the world described by the medieval bishopric accounts – a world of ox plough teams, hand sown crops and a community whose very survival was entirely dependent on the produce of the land.
David Graham, April 2000
In the years after the war it became necessary to remove the banks and hedges that enclosed fields on a small farm in the Parish of Churt, once a tithing of the Manor of Farnham. I remarked at the time that I wished I knew who had made them. Twenty-five years later I went to the Surrey County Records Office at Kingston and looked at the Frensham Tithe Map. Eight years later it seems worthwhile to put into more permanent form some of the notes accumulated on hundreds of odd sheets of paper.
There is relatively little written work on the early local history of Farnham. The Victoria County History is comprehensive but limited in value by its squirearchical bias. Saxon Farnham, by Elfrida Manning, is useful, but in the light of recent and continuing archaeological work, it may soon need bringing up to date. Robo's Medieval Farnham is in a class of its own. As a pioneering work it has few rivals although, as the writer will show, it contains some errors. Only one who has been over the same ground can really appreciate the careful and accurate study its writing entailed. There is one possible criticism. Robo wrote of the matters that interested him. He did not attempt to write a history of Farnham. He wrote about some aspects of the history of Farnham. The same criticism could be made against the present writer. This is not a history – it is some of the material from which a history might be constructed, with occasional notes of explanation or interpretation. What it attempts to show is the enormous scope of the Pipe Roll material and how it can be extended from the purely documentary to work in the field. It may also demonstrate the extraordinary extension of local knowledge when documentary, map and field work can be carried out in equal proportions. No part is a study in isolation. The hedges are part of the farms and reflect the needs of crops and cattle. These in turn provide the information on land distribution, population and diet. Even the hedges and banks made on boundaries already ancient in the 13th Century provide tenuous links with Saxon and Roman. They too farmed some of the same fields, grew some of the same crops and left marks on the land as other farmers have done to this day.
By chance, instead of concentrating exclusively on Churt documents, I started to work through whole series relating to neighbouring districts. During the course of three winters, I covered Wishanger, Broxhead and Headley, the Ecclesiastical Court Rolls, Bishopric Estate Papers, Presentations, Enfranchisements of the Copyhold and many other miscellaneous documents. One of the most useful finds came from the Combe-Millar Papers. This was a translation of the Headley section of the Parliamentary Survey of 1552. It was made by (or for) Dr. Holme, Rector of Headley, in the early 18th Century and used by Gatehouse when writing his notes on Headley fifty years later. I had already begun to look at the wills and inventories of the 16th and 17th Centuries. This survey and the fines in the latter part of this book made it possible to identify many of the farms to which the inventories applied. It was thus possible to show in some detail the change from post-medieval to modern farming, which had occurred on the Surrey-Hampshire border between 1550 A.D. and 1640 A.D.
Although this was a considerable step forward, it had not produced an answer to the original question – who made the banks and hedges?. From Robo's book and some translations in the Farnham Library, I knew of the existence of the Winchester Pipe Rolls, but they had always seemed far beyond the scope of an amateur. This book is the result of an attempt to decipher something of the history of this district from what is perhaps the most important series of manorial documents in the country.
The rolls are written in medieval Latin. In the hundred years or so between 1244 and 1350, the native English language was changing with the addition of words of Norman French and Latin derivation. This is reflected in the rolls. 'Capillanus' became 'Hattere' and the definite article included in the Latin word was changed randomly to 'le', 'de', 'the' and 'atte', at the will of the scribe. I was therefore faced with a problem as an exact translation was impossible. The sheer bulk alone necessitated some form of personal shorthand. A normal fine could be condensed into something like:
3/4 Ric mol El. V camp Norfelde.
This gave all the information required. But in not a few cases, Elstead and Norfelde were spelled differently in the next, or even sometimes, in the same sentence.
This account of some of the problems of translation may seem laboured, but it is essential that anyone unfamiliar with the Pipe Rolls should not assume meanings in the fines which could not be obtained from the original. This has already happened with the translations from the rolls kept at the Farnham Library. The matter is unselected and in some cases when quoted in local histories, the extract has been taken to mean the exact opposite of the original. There is another class of words which sometimes caused difficulty. This consisted of those words containing combinations of the letters I, N, M, V, U, J, C, T. It is easy to confuse Coxbridge and Toteford when they are ill written and suspended, but the correct reading becomes clear when K is substituted for the C. A good example occurs in the translation of the Surrey Taxation account, 1332. One of the names in the Farnham list is translated as 'Chater'. The same name appeared in the rolls and was similarly translated until the context proved that it should be 'Thatcher' or 'Thacker' as it is still sometimes pronounced.
It would be silly to suggest or imply that the writer has made no mistakes but on the whole, the notes represent the original reasonably well. The amateur should use the matter with caution. The professional already knows the possibilities of confusion and can allow for them.
The information contained in the rolls is enormous and there is no full translation of any complete set of accounts for any one manor. As a result, it is often impossible to realise the significance of information until long after it has been passed by. Ideally, having read parts of all the rolls and books – something which few people have done – it would have been better to have scrapped everything and started again. As it is, although the notes have been read many times, even during the preparation for publication new facts and conjunctions have come to light. Some have been corrected, others will have to wait for an 'errata'. However, when all this is discounted and when allowances are, hopefully, made for the writer's lack of academic learning, what remains is probably the only complete list of the earliest manorial fines and assarts that has yet been published.
The Pipe Rolls are the financial accounts of the manors or estates belonging to the Bishopric of Winchester. They are unique for two reasons. The first is because the manors, some large, some small, range across southern England from Somerset to Southwark and from Oxfordshire to the Isle of Wight. The second is their antiquity and continuity.
The first roll covers the year Michaelmas 1208 to Michaelmas 1209. The last covers Michaelmas 1452 to Michaelmas 1453. Although some rolls are missing, post 1453 books, there are long periods with hardly a break. The subject matter, mostly in the greatest detail, covers everything that could arise on any great estate. The disposal of wrecks on the coast of the Isle of Wight, quarrels among tenants, crops and cropping, assarts of land, building work and salmon fisheries, down to the provision of partridges for the Bishop's dinner are but a few of the subjects of account.
The Manor of Farnham was one of the Bishopric's great manors and Farnham Castle became the seat of the Bishop.
This description of the Pipe Rolls is deliberately brief. The subject has already been written up at length by Robo in Medieval Farnham. This book is an extension of Robo's work and there is therefore no point in repeating what he has already done so well.
As a general rule long lists of names and dates are little more than historical detritus. Isolated names or the pedigrees of unnotable families are useless from the point of view of local history. As an example, one can take the first fine of the roll of 1247. The statement that Henry the Warrener paid a fine of 10/- for land hardly advances our knowledge of Farnham. However, if later fines and references show how Henry acquired land and passed it on to his heirs, we may possibly begin to know more of what was happening in the manor. There are some very important individual fines, but it is the cumulative knowledge from all of them which begins to yield something about our local history in the 13th and 14th Centuries. What follows are a few brief examples of the kind of information which the fines and notes can provide.
Robert Harding, who died at Plaster Hill in 1564, lived and farmed much as his medieval ancestors had done. The yields of his crops and the produce of his livestock can be calculated with great accuracy. Ninety years later, or even less, his grandsons were living in good two storey houses and growing arable crops almost unknown to him – and some of these descendants were no longer yeomen but poor tenant farmers. It only lacked the turnip to become the high farming system which lasted until the mid 20th Century.
… the Headley Enclosure gave the farm at Huntingford Bridge a plot on Beech Hill.
Parliamentary Survey 1552 – Hants Record Office
This survey of the lands and houses of the Bishop's tenants in Sutton is one of the most important local documents. The original book is written in Latin and is not easy to read. A translation of the Headley section made in the 18th Century was found in the Combe-Millar papers (Froyle). Not only does it enable wills to be traced to particular farms, but it also gives names of farms which can be identified through the medieval fines.
Wheeler Papers – Originals in Hants. Record Office
Index, description of documents and commentary by Miss Wheeler (1921) in Farnham library. They relate to the Luff family who date back to the 15th Century (at least). They owned Smallbrook, Thursley; Hide and Greencross, Churt, post 1503, and other properties. Includes survey of Woolmer Forest in the 17th Century.
Farnham Museum Documents
Miscellaneous collection. Useful background information which has added value when it can be linked to medieval fines. Estate maps.
Headley Documents – Hants Record Office
Considerable collection. Broxhead material also filed under Headley. Notes made late 18th Century by Gatehouse comparing Headley at that date with Parliamentary Survey. Copy of customary of Sutton Manor. Indentures of Wishanger farms. Description of Broxhead Manor, 1439 (copy).
Headley Documents – Surrey History Centre, Woking
Additional material, mostly later than above. Early Parish Registers.
Broxhead – Hants Record Office
Documents for 15th and 16th. Centuries. Court Book 16th Century. Useful information on farm names.
Wishanger Documents
A good collection for this small estate (¼ Knight's Fee) from 13th Century (undated) to 19th Century. Descriptions of the manor and valuations. Indentures of Field House, Huntingfords and other properties outside the manor. Will of William Harding of Barford 1615. Includes Beale Manor and Dockenfield Manor documents. Estate maps.
Combe-Millar Documents – Hants Record Office
Also indexed under Froyle. Translation of Parliamentary Survey 1552. Papers concerning farms in Churt, Headley and Wishanger. Surveys of timber. Costs of building work. Will of Abraham Harding of Hearn, 1727. Grass meadows at Hams in Elstead. 18th-l9th Centuries.
Tithe Maps
These maps are very important local history sources. The maps and awards give size and name of fields and the names of owners and occupiers. They were drawn between 1835-1840. Headley Tithe Map is in Hants Record Office
The following example shows how late manorial admissions and other documents help to provide clues as to former owners of land. The fines also show when the land was first cleared. These fines should be used with care. There are nearly always gaps, which can be caused by missing rolls or sometimes because a man has been described by more than one name. Thus William Alleyn was also William the smith. The slight differences in the total acreage can usually be accounted for by a widow or other relative having a small piece of land during her lifetime. It then reverted to the main property.
1252 Richard of Bereford for 5½ acres of waste land (ppre.)
1257 Richard the Smith for 10¾ acres next to Bereford
1262 Richard the Smith for 2½ acres This is all land from the waste.
1296 Richard the Smith for a messuage and ½ virgate and 6 acres ppre.
1299 William the Smith for a messuage and 24 acres ppre. by surrender of William,
son of Richard
1313 Adam the Smith for a messuage and 15 acres ppre. by surrender of William
(also Barford Mill)
1344 Joan, daughter of Adam for a messuage and 3 furlongs (24acres)
1379 William the Smith for a messuage and 26 acres ppre. from Joan his mother
1427 Richard Figge for a messuage and 36 acres once of William Smith who had
no heirs
Bondland
– Land which owed boon work to the Lord. The boonwork was attached to the land,
not to the person of the tenant.
Bondman
– A tenant of the manor, 'bound' to the Lord's manor. He could not leave the
manor without the Lord's permission. He originally worked on the Lord's land
in lieu of paying rent. This was the boon work.
Copyholder
– It became the custom to give to the new tenant of land a copy of the entry
made in the Bishopric accounts when a fine was paid. He thus became known as
'holding a copy'.
Demesne
– The land which the Bishop farmed himself.
Escheat
– Forfeiture of land to the Lord.
Fine –
A payment made to the Lord on transference of title to land for any reason.
In effect, a registration fee.
Ppre = Purpresture
land – Land taken out of the Lord's waste. The real difference was that this
land was held without the penalty of work services. Encroached land is an English
equivalent
Assarted land
– Newly cleared land to which no bondwork was attached.
Relief
– This was paid to the Lord by tenants of the manor who were freemen. It was
the equivalent of the copyholder's fine.
Virgate
– 32 statute acres in Farnham Manor. About 40 acres in Sutton Manor.
NS
– The letters NS represent that 'none of the blood' appeared
at court to claim and pay fine for the property.
As stated in the introduction, the original question was 'who made the banks and fields?'. From the first it was realised that the field system was unusual. Once the maps were drawn it was obvious that not only was there evidence, but that this evidence was both explicit and extensive.
The usual medieval village lands consisted of two or three large open fields. Tenants of a manor would have had strips or plots in each field. Cropping and general management would have been arranged by custom on a community basis. This kind of field system existed in the adjoining lands of Bentley, Holybourne and Neatham. But in the whole of the Manor of Farnham and the neighbouring tithing of Headley, the lands appear always to have been in compact units.
It is generally considered that in the Middle Ages families rarely continued to live in the same place for much more than a hundred years. Dr. Yates has found this conclusion valid in the Petersfield district. To some extent this must depend on the size of the area surveyed. It can hardly indicate mobility when a family long settled in Churt moves to Headley or Frensham and continues there for another few hundred years.
Most of the families named in the early rolls continued until the Black Death. Many were supposed to have been wiped out by that plague. But though names disappeared from lists of virgates, they frequently reappeared as cottagers or landless labourers. The overwhelming impression created by reading hundreds of names of inhabitants of the Manor of Farnham, is their extraordinary continuity. It can only be a wild guess, but the writer is tempted to suggest that in the middle of the 19th Century, some 10% of the inhabitants came from families who had lived here through over six hundred years of recorded history. An even greater percentage had ancestors first documented in the late 15th or early 16th Century. One must allow for an influx of persons with similar names but no blood connection. But even with this qualification, it can hardly be coincidence that such names as Clere, Burgess, Martin, Sturt, Croucher, Garlik, Richman, Vanner and many others, tenants of the Manor in the 13th Century, were still here in the 19th and early 20th Centuries.
Introduction – Pipe Rolls – Fines
– Sources – Example – Glossary – Field
Systems – Mobility – Surname
Index
Headley Home Page – 1552 Survey
– Rent Roll of 1774 – Burials
from 1539 – Timeline for Headley –
Contact
NOTE: Headley was an outlying part of the Manor of Sutton. Philip Brooks extracted entries for Farnham Manor (including Churt, which was his prime interest) and those entries from Sutton Manor which he deduced to be for Headley (for the purpose of comparing Headley with Churt).
We show below his extracts for Headley only, except in a few cases where we
felt that entries from Farnham manor may be of interest to Headley research
– those entries are distinguished in the headings, for example: FINES (FARNHAM).
Be aware that some of the ‘Headley’ entries may actually be from other
parts of Sutton Manor.
Note: Entries in Green have been added to Brooks' work – Entries coloured Teal are Brooks' own notes.
|
1210 |
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INCREASES OF RENT |
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2/- |
Hugh de Putum - for land |
|
In the earlier rolls it is sometimes difficult to differentiate between fines for Headley and Sutton. Hugo was certainly at Headley. This name (or in the earliest rolls, where he probably lived) comes from the place now known by the name of Pitt Cottage, Headley. The name is a good example of the kind of difficulty one encounters. In these rolls the word always meant a well – so Hugo lived by the well. But we do not know when the name was first used for this site. An earlier meaning is a pit or grave. The site is adjacent to the present church, so it could quite easily have had the earlier meaning. |
|
|
2/- |
Widow of Philip the miller - for land |
|
13/4 |
William Palmer for the widow of Philip the miller - for the mill |
|
Philip's wife held the mill either in her own right or by virtue of her widowhood, i.e. for her life. William Palmer had to obtain the Lord of the Manor's permission to marry Philip's widow and pay a fine for her land and mill. |
|
|
12d |
Roger the fuller – This is not a fine for land but for quarrelling. It does however prove that there was a fulling mill in existence. |
|
12d |
Henry Covenant - for land |
|
12d |
Hugh Sewarde - for land |
|
1211 |
|
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Alwyn of Billeford, for licence (permission) to marry |
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6/8 |
Herbert of Billeford for having the land of Selide |
|
Billeford [later Bilford or Billyford] was on the river at Headley Wood Farm [possibly where The Hanger meets Frensham Lane today] |
|
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1213 |
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FINES |
|
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Land by John the miller and Peter the miller. It is not certain if these were Headley or Sutton. |
|
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All the early rolls specifically refer to Stanford [Standford] or the Manor of Stanford. Headley as such is never mentioned. The tything of Headley appeared in the middle of this Century. |
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1217 |
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Purchasia de Stanford, no mention of Headley. |
|
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FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Simon - for land |
|
10/- |
Osbert de la frithe - for land |
|
6d |
Godwin - for land |
|
12d |
John of the long ford ('John de Langford') - for land |
|
12d |
Gilbert Bedell for permission to go out of the manor |
|
12d |
Herbert the smith - for land |
|
6d |
Roger of Graveset (Grayshott) - for land |
|
3/- |
William Cuvernat - for land |
|
1220 |
|
|
This is the first roll from which actual rents can be calculated. Sixpence per acre was the usual new rent at this time. In these calculations the perch was always ¼ acre. The word 'curtilage' usually denotes the yard (backyard) or immediate surroundings of a building. |
|
|
1224 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6d |
Alice of Linstede [Linstead] - for land |
|
3/6 |
William de Graves (Grayshott) - for land |
|
½ mark (6/8) Henry de felde (Field House, Wishanger) - for land |
|
|
6d |
Widow of Philip the miller (possibly Sutton) - for land |
|
2/- |
Widow of Reginald of Stanford - for land |
|
1226 |
|
|
FINES |
|
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4/- |
Mabel of the field to retain her land |
|
26/8 |
Matilda for a mill. This is possibly Headley corn mill |
|
1231 |
|
|
Robert de vac. (the cowherd) and Hugh de Puteo ought to plough, for their land (i.e. bondwork) 12 acres in winter and 12 acres in ----------- and have 2d in the winter and ----------- 2d ------------. |
|
|
G. de Caritarum and Stephen, huntsmen 'ad capiendo vulpes' (catching foxes), with 4 horses, 8 helpers, 17 greyhounds, 32 small hounds (leporarium and brachettus – basset type hounds?) for 3 weeks, by order of the Chancellor 48/-. |
|
|
Arrears of 33/9 ---------- missing ------------- from Robert de Durdon. |
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1232 |
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FINES |
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|
6/8 |
John Bele for land west of Headley Mill (see 1552 Survey) |
|
6/8 |
William tentore. Of the many possible meanings for this word, cloth worker is preferred. Positive proof does not come until later rolls, but there is good reason to believe that there was a fulling mill at Stanford at this time |
|
10/- |
Geoffrey Modi - for land |
|
3/4 |
Richard of Linstead - for land |
|
Entries [at this period] do two things. They give an indication of what the landscape was like at the beginning of the 13th Century, and that clearing was taking place at this date. In later entries fines and new rents may sometimes regularise a position which had long existed. |
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1236 |
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The Manor of Stanford had default of rents. This, as is stated in other accounts, should be paid at Pitfold. There is a tything of Stanford, but nothing for Headley, nor was there anything in the proceeding rolls. |
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1244 |
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FINES |
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|
12d |
The fisher of Linsted - for land |
|
18d |
Widow Dolbowe - for land |
|
5/- |
William atte Pathe - for land |
|
1245 |
|
|
INCREASES OF RENT |
|
|
12d |
John of Headley 2 acres |
|
14d |
Increase of rent from the men of Stanford |
|
2/- |
John of Hedlegh 'gersuma' 2 acres. |
|
'Gabulum' is used for the 'men of Stanford’. 'Gersuma' is used for John of Hedlegh. |
|
|
Fish from Frensham Pond sent to the Bishop's Palace at Sutton. |
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1246 |
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Rent of Assize from Stanford (near Headley) |
|
|
Thurston of Billeford for an enquiry |
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Nicholas of Sleyford [Sleaford] for an enquiry |
|
|
3/- |
Henry of Playstowe for land (Plaster Hill, Barford) |
|
2/- |
John of Langeford |
|
1247 |
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FINES |
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John de Putte - for land |
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1248 |
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INCREASE OF RENT |
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|
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Richard Orde of Stanfod |
|
FINES |
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|
3/- |
Henry ---------- for 'domus' and yard of Thomas the miller who had died, he shall pay 3/- this year and 18d in future |
|
5/- |
John of the field for Matilda and her land |
|
NOTE |
The field in this entry is preserved is the name of Field House at Wishanger, Headley. By this date names are difficult to follow. John may have been living at or about Field House or the name may be derived from an ancestor who had once lived there. Sometimes a second entry gives a clue which helps to solve this problem. |
|
1252 |
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|
INCREASES OF RENT (CHURT) |
|
|
15d |
William Crul for 2½ acres |
|
13½d |
Robert of Berefore [Barford] for 4½ acres |
|
4½d |
Richard of Bereford for 1½ acres |
|
15d |
Robert of Clere for 5 acres |
|
These last four entries refer to land in Churt. There seems to have been a 'colony' of smiths – not shoeing smiths but iron workers at Barford. The earliest settled land in Churt lay between Ridgeway and Stock Farm (SU 890385 to SU 875383). This was further extended westwards to Greencross at an early date. |
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Richard of Clere exchanged a hide of land in Lavington, Sussex in 1174, for the hide of land which Edwin of Churt had held. This has been taken to be the present Hyde Farm (SU 883385). Until the Black Death 'atte Hide' referred to a district and not to a specific place. |
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As will be seen from further grants of land in later rolls, the land between the A287 and the Barford Stream was still waste. It was not finally cleared until the middle of the 14th Century. |
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Some of the Cleres died out or surrendered their lands at the time of the Black Death, but the name reappeared regularly until the end of the 19th Century. |
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|
INCREASE OF RENT |
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|
6d |
Turstano the cobbler of Headley for 2 acres of ppre. which he holds from this year |
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This name became Thurstan. The land called Thurstan's lay on the road from Headley Wood Farm to Lindford. This was formerly called Thurstan's Lane. For details see the Parliamentary Survey of Headley 1552 H.R.O. |
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NOTES |
Headley Mill – besides being the last of a very long line of corn mills on this site – is famous for being involved in a dispute with Adam de Gurdon (although a mill at Hawkley also claims this distinction). |
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In this account there is a note beginning 'Be it known Dolbogh used to pay annually ----------- Gurdon distrain him in the Court at Sutton as his bondman'. Unfortunately, the MS. is mutilated so we shall never know what happened to Dolbogh. |
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FINES |
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|
2/- |
Richard of Hurne [Hearn] for seisin of his father's land from which John of the Hatch evicted Hugo de Dokesfeigham for waste of his wood |
|
6/8 |
Hugo of Linsted - for land |
|
2/- |
Peter Mody - for land |
|
12d |
John Bele (pro quondam divisa) for that division leading between his land and the land of John of the Brook |
|
This is an interesting entry. Bele land and Brook land (see Parliamentary Survey) lay on the west of the Parish. Usually a ditch was made for a boundary (the spoil creating a bank). The necessary field work has not been done to establish whether a bank was made or whether a piece of land was left which eventually became known as Brook Lane. |
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|
NOTE |
Timber taken from Headley for construction of the mill at Sutton. |
|
1253 |
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FINES |
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|
2/- |
Matilda of Bileford - for land |
|
12d |
John Langeford - for land |
|
4/- |
Nicholas son of the miller for Matilda of Bileford and her land |
|
1256 |
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|
INCREASE OF RENT |
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|
12d |
Henry of Hyndeflode for 2 acres ppre. in Stanford |
|
FINES |
|
|
4/- |
Matilda widow of Richard of the Hill for her husband’s land |
|
5/- |
John of the Sepehouse for Alice widow of Richard Lynsted |
|
6d |
Henry of Hindeflode for 2 acres ppre. |
|
26/8 |
from the tenants for relaxation of the autumn work |
|
1257 |
|
|
At this time much – or most – of the Bishop's lands were being enclosed by ditches, banks and hedges. Hedges were specifically mentioned in many cases, 'cum spinae'. The important point to note is that these ditches, banks and hedges were made along boundaries which already existed. Some of them must have come into being many hundreds of years before new banks and hedges were made to reinforce them. It can thus be seen that hedge dating, particularly by species count may be irrelevant or misleading when studying land settlement. |
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|
INCREASES OF RENT |
|
|
12d |
Henry Tawyere for the fulling mill he holds at Headley from which Walter at the Brook resigned |
|
4/- |
Henry Tawyere for the fulling mill |
|
2/- |
William ------------ for land |
|
1262 |
|
|
This roll contains the first reference to the salting house (for fish) at Frensham. It was repaired in this year. |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
23/4 |
Nicholas of Hetleg - for land |
|
4/- |
John of Linstede - for land |
|
1264 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Robert atte Knowle - for land |
|
12d |
Gilbert atte hurne - for land |
|
12d |
" |
|
" |
|
|
1265 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
William Eylof - for land |
|
3/- |
John the Miller - for land |
|
1267 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
Robert at the Knowle for land (Knowle – Headley Hill). |
|
|
NOTE |
Headley never appeared in the Sutton accounts before the mid 13th Century – only the manor of Stanford. The reason (now known) is that it belonged to Alton Westbrook. A small tongue of land remained to this manor until modern times. It comprised the farms of Moorhouse, Stream and Huntingford and southwards towards Hearn. Headley Church was a chapel of Alton Westbrook. The Sutton account for 1262 contained an entry concerning a payment by the men of Headley to the Church of Alton. |
|
1268 |
|
|
This is the first time in these accounts that the land is described by its rental value. It is more useful to the historian when the acreage of the land is also given. At a later period all the land was described by its rental value. Luckily, for a short period, both acreage and rental value are given together. |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
4/- |
Matilda of the Hurne for land of her husband Ralph |
|
10/- |
Hugh the Smith son of Hugh the Smith for his father's land reserving to his father 2 acres during his lifetime |
|
This is the first entry which contains provision for a father or mother, and occasionally some other dependant. Later this is usual. It was obviously advantageous to all parties. It prevented a man hanging on to a farm when he could no longer attend to the work properly and allowed the son to raise a family and to continue to work his land to best advantage. There was often a clause that stated that if the son did not look after his parent adequately, he would lose the land. |
|
|
1270 |
|
|
4/- |
Richard son of Seman for Belota daughter of Robert of Clere and for 4 acres of ppre. at Churt. The family of Seman gave their name to Symmondstone on the Surrey-Hants border. Seman's Stone, which was taken away some time after 1950, marked a point on the boundary of the Manor of Wishanger, at one time held by a Seman. |
|
FINES |
|
|
2/- |
Matilda ------------ Gilbert Kene for land from Alice, her mother |
|
4/- |
William de la Hurn for land which Robert at the Knowle resigned into the hands of the Lord |
|
12d |
Emma widow of William le Chapman for land |
|
1272 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
12d |
Alice of the Langeforde for her husband's land |
|
4/- |
William Mody for his father's land |
|
33/4 |
Robert Horlebat for his father's mill and land |
|
4/- |
Nicholas, son of Richard Hatte Prese for his father's land |
|
1274 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Peter of the Orde for Joan of Stanford and her land |
|
6/8 |
John le Fys (fish) for land conceded ------------- |
|
6/8 |
Robert Stechehose for his father's land |
|
3/4 |
Julia of Graveselate [Grayshott] for land conceded by her father |
|
3/4 |
Walter of Graveselate for the above Julia and her land |
|
12d |
Walter of Graveselate for 3 acres conceded by Walter of Graveselate |
|
3/- |
William Thurston for 2/- land conceded by Edith his mother |
|
1276 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Joan widow of Ernald de Putte for her husband's land |
|
4/- |
Alice daughter of Richard Trochard for her father's land |
|
6d |
Edith widow of Mody for her husband's land |
|
3/- |
Peter de Gavestate for Edith and her land |
|
4/- |
Heriot from the estate of Henry Playstowe |
|
NOTE |
Trochard's was north of the Land of Nod. It became Trachett's in the Parliamentary Survey. |
|
1277 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Matilda of Pleystowe for her father's land |
|
6/8 |
William son of Richard the Smith for Matilda and her land |
|
6/8 |
William son of John de la Broke for his father's land |
|
1282 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
2/- |
Cristina daughter of Thomas the miller for a cottage conceded by her father |
|
6/8 |
Herbert of Linstede for land recovered 'by enquiry' |
|
10/- |
Walton son of Margaret for land recovered by enquiry from Ralph of Heddley |
|
6/8 |
Alice widow of Stephen the smith for her husband's land |
|
1283 |
|
|
Recovery of land, William de Shirebrook. The shirebrook was the Barford stream. |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Richard Bereford for Edith widow of William le Webbe and her land |
|
6/8 |
Robert of Linstede for a furlong of land conceded by Alice Trochard |
|
In later accounts it was stated that the virgate in Farnham manor was 32 statute acres. In two cases in Sutton the virgate was stated to be 40 acres and 41 acres. The virgate was used repeatedly in the Sutton part of the manor (Ropley etc.) but never in Headley or Stanford. |
|
|
4/- |
Isabel daughter of Master Andrew for a meadow conceded by her father |
|
4/- |
William son of William of Linstede for his father's land |
|
16/- |
Peter Osbert for manumission to come into and go out of the manor without fine |
|
40/- |
Robert son of Lucy de la Becke for the same |
|
NOTE |
The very small plots of land recorded in previous rolls gave rise to a steady exchange of lands. Most of these transactions have been omitted from these notes. In many cases the names of the parties were not given. |
|
1284 |
|
|
4/- |
Nicholas at the felde for his father's land. John at the Brigg to be guardian (trustee) of the land of Nicholas at the felde and to be responsible for rent and services due to the Bishop |
|
1285 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Richard Bele for his father's land |
|
10/- |
John Herbelet for the land of Herbert Dolbowe his father |
|
6/- |
Margaret daughter of Elof for the land of John her brother |
|
12d |
Selda de Grevette for licence to marry |
|
1286 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
6d |
Thomas Madge for 1 Daywork (sic) of land conceded by Nicholas Belystrong |
|
1287 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
10/- |
Emma widow of John atte Putte for her husband's land |
|
4/- |
Assehua daughter of William Sewald for a cottage from her mother |
|
12/- |
Emma widow of John the Smith for her husband's land |
|
10/- |
Thomas Kyng for a furlong conceded by Isabel Kene |
|
13/4 |
Henry atte Hatch for his father's land |
|
6/8 |
Richard atte Hurdelod (Hurland) for a cottage conceded by John Dolbogh |
|
£7.6.8d |
Robert de la Gavette for 1 furlong at Hetligh escheated because William of Gavetta had no heirs. This enormous fine – which was paid – must conceal something much more serious than the stated lack of heirs. |
|
1288 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
2/- |
John of Gravesete [Grayshott] for 6d land conceded by Robert his brother |
|
13/4 |
William of Gravesete for 1 furlong from his brother |
|
12d |
Matilda Grym for 1 furlong from her husband |
|
13/4 |
Richard le Fyz for 1 furlong from Richard his father |
|
1289 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
William Hardyng for Margaret daughter of Kene and 1 furlong of land in Headley |
|
6/8 |
Julia widow of Gilbert Kene for 1½ acres in Headley from her husband |
|
1290 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
|
William le Kene for 1½ furlongs of land from Gilbert his father |
|
1291 |
|
|
Livestock bought and sent from Wishanger to London. |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
4/- |
Walter le Bruce for 1 furlong from William his father |
|
4/- |
Matilda widow of Richard Bele for 1 furlong from her husband Nicholas of Papenholte. Papenholte lay somewhat west of Cradle Lane. It occurred in the customary of the manor of Broxhead in 1439. |
|
1292 |
|
|
Wood brought from Wychangre (Wishanger) [to Farnham Castle?]. |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
John atte felde for a furlong from William his father |
|
2/- |
Robert son of Richard Bele a furlong from his father |
|
2/- |
Agnes Mody for 1 furlong from William her father which was resigned by Peter of Graveschete |
|
4/8 |
Robert the miller for Agnes and her land |
|
10/6 |
William atte Herne for 1 furlong resigned by William Kene |
|
6/8 |
William de Ashurst for a furlong resigned by John le Machon |
|
1295 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
5/- |
Alice widow of Robert atte Church de Hedlye for 1 furlong of land from her husband |
|
6/8 |
John Somer for a furlong of land from Matilda his mother |
|
1296 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
William Mody for a messuage and a furlong from his father |
|
|
4/8 |
John Hardyng for ---------- messuage surrendered by ------------ |
|
4/- |
Cristina ate Felde for ½ furlong from William her husband |
|
12d |
Matilda ate Hurlond for ½ furlong from her husband |
|
1297 |
|
|
In fines [this year] the word perch, used to denote ¼ acre, has been displaced by 'rod' – rood in modern terminology. |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6d |
John de Lys (Liss) for a domus resigned by Agnes of Huntingford |
|
2/- |
Thomas Novyld for a furlong from Walter his father |
|
5/- |
Julia de Grevett for land from Robert her husband |
|
13/4 |
Stephen de Holeset for a furlong surrendered by John le Taillour |
|
13/4 |
Walter le Chapman for land surrendered by William of Linstede because of poverty |
|
6/8 |
William Hawe for a furlong resigned by Thurston of Linstede |
|
5/- |
Walter Covenat for a furlong resigned by William le Brokere |
|
1298 |
|
|
INCREASE OF RENT |
|
|
|
John of Lys a piece of land by the highway to enlarge his land, to be 12ft x 12ft |
|
FINE |
|
|
6/8 |
John Alleyn for a messuage and ½ virgate surrendered by William Curtis. Very rare use of virgate in Headley. |
|
Relief 'pro morte' – Prior of Selebourne [Selborne] for land at la Shchyte |
|
|
1299 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
William the Smith of Bereford for a messuage and 24 acres ppre. in Churt surrendered by William son of Richard. This is the land between Kitts Farm (Old Keets) and Hatch Farm (now Road Farm). Nearly all this land west of the A287 had been cleared and brought into cultivation during the preceding 60 years or so. |
|
NOTE |
Construction of a new Fyshwhychsh (fish trap) or 'engine' at the head of Frensham Pond. |
|
1300 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
5/- |
John Thurstan for 3/- land from William his father |
|
4/- |
Greta la Newman for 5/- land from Walter le Chapman her husband |
|
12d |
Robert Stretchose for a messuage |
|
4/- |
William Hurn for a cotland surrendered by John his brother |
|
2/- |
Matilda widow of Richard of Bereford the smith for her husband's land |
|
6/8 |
John le Fich for --------- held by John Aleyn (?) |
|
1301 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
Richard of Graveschate for his father's land surrendered by Julia his mother |
|
4/- |
Agnes atte Putte for her husband John's lands |
|
1302 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
2/- |
Edith widow of Robert of Lynstede for her husband's land |
|
6d |
Mabel widow of Brown -------- missing |
|
6/8 |
William atte Knowle for 1 rod surrendered by John atte Hulle |
|
1304 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
10/- |
Cristina daughter of William Covenat for 8/- land from her father |
|
5/- |
John Seiward for Cristina |
|
1305 |
|
|
It is possible to see from the fines the decline in prosperity which began about the end of the 13th Century. Already there were a few defaults of rent and properties escheated. Where a very large fine was paid for escheated land it often meant that this was the penalty which enabled the tenant to regain his land. |
|
|
NOTE |
The tenants of Churt making hedges round the head (dam) of the large pond |
|
INCREASES OF RENT |
|
|
20d |
Nicholas of Ively [Eveley] for enlarging his mill pond at Headley on land which had belonged to John Gilbert, by 30 perches x 6 perches (160 yds x 32 yds) |
|
40/- |
Robert Asshert of Headley for 2/8 land which Cristina atte felde used to hold, which fell into the Lord’s hands |
|
1306 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
5/- |
Agnes de Graveschatte for a messuage and 2/- land from Richard her husband |
|
1307 |
|
|
INCREASE OF RENT |
|
|
1d |
Richard Browning for a plot next to his tenement containing ½ rod |
|
FINES |
|
|
12/- |
Stephen de Ashurst for a messuage and 3/- rent from his father Robert |
|
20/- |
Walter at the Brook 5/- (rent) for land called Beleland, by surrender of Walter of Wodeland |
|
12d |
Agnes widow of Robert le Couper de Graveschate [Grayshott] for 2/3 land from her husband, widowhood |
|
1308 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
WiIIiam of Midhurst for Agnes of Graveschate and her land |
|
2/- |
Alice widow of Richard Browning for a messuage and 15d land from her husband |
|
20/- |
John Hurlebat for a messuage and mill, 27/2 rent, from Agnes his mother. This is probably a forerunner of the present Headley corn mill. |
|
1309 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
10/- |
Isabel de Wakenor for a messuage and 2/- land surrendered by William at the Knowle. This shows that the myths surrounding the name of Waggoner's Wells have little foundation in fact. The name is obviously of considerable antiquity. |
|
1310 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
Joan widow of Richard of Bereford for a messuage and 3/7 land from her husband |
|
10/- |
William son of Alexi of Eyeslegh (Eveley) for a messuage and 2/- land from Isabel de Wakenoure |
|
33/4 |
Robert son of William at the Knowle for a messuage and 3/ land from Agnes at the Putte. The Knowle was Headley Hill [= Headley High Street]. |
|
1312 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
10/- |
William the smith for Margaret of Lynstede and 4/- land |
|
6/8 |
John Brounyng for a cottage and 15d land from Alice his mother |
|
6/8 |
John le fisch for Joan widow of Richard of Bereford and 3/6 land |
|
6/8 |
Adam son of William atte Brok for 4/- land and to build a house before Michaelmas |
|
10/- |
William le fisch for a messuage ------- surrendered by his father |
|
12d |
Roger son of Nicholas of Evelee for land to enlarge his mill pond by 20 perches x 8ft from Nicholas his father |
|
1313 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
100/- |
John Thurston for Matilda of Bereford and a messuage and 6/8 land |
|
5/- |
William at the Broke for 5/- land from Adam his brother |
|
60/- |
Walter Stretchehose for a messuage and 2/- land once of William Bylemyn which fell into the Lord's hands because no fine was made |
|
NOTE |
Both in Sutton and Farnham small pieces of land from assarts of the previous century plus the adding together of small farms under one tenant, had made the land difficult to work. In this account, there were recorded large exchanges of land at Bishop's Sutton. |
|
1314 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
Richard son of Richard at the Hulle [Hill?] for a messuage and 4/- land from his father |
|
6/8 |
Gunnota widow of William Lucas for a messuage and 6/- land from her husband |
|
10/- |
William Grym for a messuage and 4/- land from Matilda his mother |
|
20/- |
Ralph son of William Eylof for a messuage and 8/- land from his father |
|
10/- |
John son of Walter Langeford for a messuage and 3/10 land from his father |
|
10/- |
Agnes widow of Stephen de Graveshote for a messuage and 3/7 ppre. from her husband |
|
Plaster Hill Farm was called 'Luke's' on copyhold documents for many years. Eylof's land lay south of Barford Hatch between Barford Lane and Whitmore Vale Lane. 'Grimes' was applied to the house and land now called Barford Cottage and the fields adjoining. It is not certain if the above or their descendants gave their names to these places. |
|
|
1315 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
William the Smith of Lynstede for a messuage and 2/- land surrendered by John Stiward and Alice his wife |
|
£4.0.0d |
Adam the Smith for a messuage and 8/- land surrendered by John Thurstan |
|
1316 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
William Mody for a messuage and 4/- land at Bereford from John Mody his father which his mother had during her widowhood |
|
20/- |
William Beanches for Cristina widow of Robert Hugh for a messuage and 5/- land in Lynsted |
|
13/4 |
John Dolbogh for a messuage and 4/- land in Lynsted from John his father |
|
13/4 |
Richard of Graveschate for a messuage and 10 acres in Graveschate from Stephen his father which Agnes his mother had in her widowhood |
|
13/4 |
John le Fiss for a messuage and 5/- land from John le Fiss his son |
|
NOTE |
During these years there began to be a significant number of lands which fell into the Lord's hands because there were no heirs, or no heirs appeared at court to pay the fines. In these cases, another tenant was elected by the homage to take over the property. |
|
1317 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
John atte Orde for a messuage and 4/- land from John his father |
|
10/- |
Matilda daughter of Robert le Grovare for a messuage and 2/6 land surrendered by Stephen atte Ashurst |
|
10/- |
Henry Dolbogh for a messuage and 8/- land in Graveschate surrendered by Richard of Graveschate |
|
20/- |
William the Smith for a messuage and 6/- land surrendered by John Stiward and Cristina |
|
15/- |
John le Chapman for a messuage and 5/- land in Linstede from his father Walter which Margaret (his mother) had in her widowhood |
|
10/- |
Walter le Ferrur for a messuage, 10 acres and 12 acres ppre. from Hugh le Smith his father. (This fine may be for land in Sutton). |
|
1318 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
40/- |
Robert atte Hurne son of William for a messuage and 6/- land from his father |
|
13/4 |
Nicholas Brouning for a messuage surrendered by John of Hadleigh. John to have a room in the house with access to it |
|
20/- |
William atte Mour for 2/- land in Linsted surrendered by William le Smith |
|
25/- |
William Stonbirde for a messuage and 2/- land in Grayshate from Richard his father |
|
1320 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
26/8 |
John de Stonelater for a messuage and 5/- land from Simon his father |
|
30/- |
Matilda widow of John le Chapman for a messuage of 5/- land and 6d ppre. in Lynstede from her husband |
|
30/- |
Roger Bacoun for the above |
|
10/- |
Alice Brette for a messuage of 4/- land from Walter her brother |
|
1324 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
20/- |
John Stonledar for 5/8 land which he recovered against John Gilberd |
|
26/8 |
John Jacob for a messuage and curtilage from Agnes his mother |
|
12d |
John Jacob for a messuage |
|
1325 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
16/8 |
John atte Felde for a messuage and 2/8 land from Edith his mother |
|
6/8 |
Roger le Baker for a messuage and 3/6 land from Walter his father |
|
33/4 |
John Hattepath for a messuage and 5/- land from Roger his father |
|
6/8 |
Roger le Baker for a messuage and 3/6 land from Walter his father |
|
36/8 |
Walter Stretchehose for a messuage and 3/- land from Robert his father |
|
26/8 |
Richard Ficks for a messuage and 3/9 land from Richard his father |
|
30/- |
Nicholas Ficks for a messuage and 7/6 land from Richard his brother |
|
1326 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
Richard Graveshute for a messuage and 6/6 land from Walter his father |
|
6/8 |
Richard le Brun for Alice la Cruce and 4/8 land |
|
3/4 |
Cristina atte Hulle for a messuage and 5/2 land surrendered by Robert Chercher. This name is interesting in that it shows how one kind of surname developed. The people concerned here lived at or about Headley Hill. They were variously described as 'atte Hulle', 'atte Knowle', 'atte Churche' (the word church was usually rendered in Latin). In the 14th Century these names became Hiller, Knowler and Churcher as above. The ending 'er' was added to a wide range of names such as Black – Blacker and Broke – Brooker. |
|
10/- |
Matilda daughter of Walter Chapman for a messuage and 5/6 ppre. which she recovered by right (law) from Roger Bacon, in Hetfelde |
|
2/- |
Ralph Eylef 8/- land from William his father |
|
1327 |
|
|
INCREASE OF RENT |
|
|
1d |
Adam le Smyth for ½ acre of the waste in Bereford [Barford] |
|
FINES |
|
|
20/- |
Isabel widow of Walter atte Broke for 5/8 land from her husband |
|
12d |
Julia widow of Nicolas le Sauter for a messuage and 3d land from her husband |
|
1329 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
Julia widow of Walter Strechehose for a messuage and 3/2 land from her husband |
|
6/8 |
The same for a messuauge and 2/- land from her husband |
|
13/4 |
Edith de Langeforde for a messuage and 3/2 land from Richard de Langeforde her uncle |
|
20/- |
Philip Gileberd for a messuage and 3/2 land surrendered by Edith Langeforde |
|
1330 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
20/- |
Lucy widow of John Gilleberd for 5/5 land from her husband |
|
4/- |
Agnes widow of John Hydeflod for 9d ppre. from her husband |
|
20/- |
Agnes widow of John Thurstan for a messuage and 4/- land from her husband |
|
26/8 |
Hugh atte Schute for Isobel atte Brook and for a messuage and 6/5 land to which he was elected by the whole 'homage' - i.e. all the tenants |
|
1331 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
26/8 |
Alice widow of Nicholas le Visck for a messuage and 8/9 land from her husband |
|
20/- |
Mary widow of Richard atte Hatche for a messuage and 8/4 land from her husband |
|
13/4 |
John atte Brouk for Lucy atte Brouk and a messuage and 5/8 land |
|
2/- |
William of Bereford for a messuage and 2d land surrendered by Richard Jacob |
|
6d |
William le Bakere for 1 rod surrendered by Roger le Bakere |
|
20/- |
John atte Hatche for a messuage and 5/4 land surrendered by Margaret atte Hatche his mother |
|
6d |
William Beauchis for a messuage and 8/4 land leased to him by John atte Hatche for 18 years on condition that William makes a new granary |
|
1332 |
|
|
It has been written locally that Frensham Great Pond was constructed to provide fish for the Bishop's servants at the Castle on Fridays. This account provides excellent evidence of the very serious nature of fish farming within the Winchester Manors. Fish for Frensham Little Pond were brought from Stopham in Sussex and Ashampstead, Berks. Unfortunately, the details, 2 men, 7 horses, are scanty. The kind of fish was not mentioned. Carp could survive the journey if suitably packed. Almost any other fish would require constantly re-oxygenated water. Tubs slung on pack animals would have provided a constant movement of the water as would moving carts. However, the main point is that the problems associated with the long distance movement of fish were understood and had been overcome. |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
William of Bereford for a messuage and 6/9 land from Richard his father |
|
3/4 |
Agnes widow of Richard Thurstayn for a messuage and 4/- land from her husband |
|
13/4 |
William son of William de Bereford for 1 messuage and 6/9 land from his father |
|
13/4 |
Roger atte ------- for Alice la Viscker, a messuage and 9/1 land |
|
4/- |
Nicholas atte Hurlond for a messuage and 2/- land surrendered by Julia atte Hurne |
|
12d |
Robert Knoller for a plot 6 perches x 3 perches (96ft x 48ft) surrendered by William of Hethly his father. This plot of land was where the Co-op Shop in Headley stands today (now called ‘the Buttery’). It is later described as 'next to the cemetery'. These measurements were accurate and in some cases it can be established that the boundaries of these plots are today exactly as they were fixed 600 years ago. |
|
26/8 |
Joan widow of William Beauches for a messuage and 5/- land from her husband |
|
30/- |
John of Tychefelde for Cristina atte Hulle, a messuage and 5/- land |
|
10/- |
John atte Hulle for Julia Stretchehuse, a messuage and 3/- land |
|
12d |
Roger le Kember for Julia Hurlebat and her messuage |
|
1334 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
10/- |
John Oxenye for Agnes Thurston and 4/- land |
|
1335 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
20/- |
William Somer for Joan atte Putte and her land |
|
50/- |
Agnes widow of John Hugh for a messuage and 5/1 land from her husband |
|
1336 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
33/4 |
Alice daughter of Nicholas le Fish for a mesauage and 9/- land from her father |
|
13/4 |
John son of William de Hethlegh for a messuage and 5/- land from John atte Hulle his uncle |
|
2/- |
Joan widow of Richard Hyndeflod for a messuage, 10d land and 12d ppre. from her husband |
|
10/- |
Alice Broce for 4/- land from Richard le Broce |
|
13/4 |
John Patthe for Alice |
|
8/- |
Alice widow of John atte Patthe for 5/- land from her husband |
|
1339 |
|
|
INCREASE OF RENT |
|
|
1d |
Adam the Smyth for ½ acre of waste land |
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
John Stretchouse for Alice widow of John Hattepath and a messuage and 5/- land |
|
2/- |
Joan Hindleflod for 9d land from John Hindeflod her uncle |
|
3d |
Adam le Smyth for ½ acre ppre. |
|
1340 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
3/6 |
John son of William le Lavender for a messuage and 2/- land from his father |
|
1341 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
66/8 |
Robert son of John Hurlebat for a messuage, virgate and a water mill from his father |
|
12d |
John le Vinetur for a messuage and 10d land from Richard his father |
|
4/- |
Edith daughter of John de Langeford for 3/9½ land from her father |
|
Nicholas of Langeford for Edith and her land |
|
|
30/- |
William le Bakere for a messuage, 5/- land and 2 acres ppre. surrendered by John Hattepath |
|
1342 |
|
|
Specific mention of a separate pen, or possibly a hatchery, in Frensham Pond 'ad Piscis vocata 'fry' ' . |
|
|
NOTES |
|
|
2/- |
Robert le Couper for a cottage and 3/- land in Graveshette surrendered by Matilda Gurden |
|
10/- |
Richard son of William Grym for a messuage and 4/- land from his father |
|
10/- |
The same for 7/- land |
|
1343 |
|
|
INCREASES OF RENT (FARNHAM) |
|
|
6d |
Adam le smyth de Bereford for that mill and for the water course to that mill (together) with the fishery |
|
4d |
John of Hale for a plot of land (containing 6 acres) next to Frensham Pond. This plot can be identified as the 6 acres of land bordering the Barford Stream at SU 844398. It thus provides a positive dating for the large bank which enclosed it from the common. ??? |
|
12d |
Adam le Smyth for land at his mill in Churt |
|
12d |
John de Hale for his plot next to Frensham Pond |
|
INCREASE IN RENT (SUTTON) |
|
|
6d |
Adam le Smyth for the mill built on the borders of Surrey and Hampshire with rights to the water and a fishery. |
|
Barford Mill which had previously been on the east side of the stream and in Farnham Manor was moved at this date to the Hampshire side and into Sutton Manor, on its present site. The millers always had lands on both sides of the river, roughly between Plaster Hill Farm and Hatch Farm (Road Farm today).??? |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Alice daughter of Henry Dolbogh for a messuage from her father and 10/- land |
|
6/8 |
Richard Langhurst for Alice and her land |
|
3/4 |
John Hugh for a messuage and 2/- land surrendered by John atte More |
|
2/- |
Julia daughter of Richard le Webbe for land surrendered by John Brounyng |
|
12/- |
Adam le Smith of Bereford for his mill |
|
1344 |
|
|
FINES |
(FARNHAM) |
|
10/- |
Joan daughter of Adam le Smyth of Bereford for a messuage and 3 furlongs (24 acres) by surrender of Adam |
|
FINES |
(SUTTON) |
|
13/4 |
Nicholas Stretchose for Agnes Hugh(es) and a messuage and 5/- land |
|
6/8 |
William Thurston for a messuage and 4/- land from John Thurstan |
|
18d |
William of Bereford for 3 rods of the waste |
|
3/4 |
John Stretchehose for a messuage and 3 acres surrendered by John Wynter (Vinetur previously) |
|
40/- |
Joan widow of Robert atte Gervette for 5/8 land |
|
1345 |
|
|
INCREASES OF RENT |
|
|
6d |
William of Bereford for 3 rods of waste land |
|
6d |
Adam le Smyth for land |
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
Alice widow of Walter le Webber ---------------- missing |
|
3/4 |
Alice widow of Geoffrey de Graveshete for a messuage and 4 acres from her husband |
|
1346 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
15/- |
William son of Richard Eylof for a messuage and 7/- land from his father |
|
15/- |
The same for 8/- land |
|
1347 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
William of Washford for a messuage and 4/- land by surrender of Richard Grym |
|
6/8 |
the same for 7/- land from Richard Grym |
|
22/- |
Walter atte Knowle for a messuage and 3/11 land from ------------ atte Knowle his father |
|
1348 |
|
|
DEFAULTS OF RENT (BLACK DEATH?) |
|
|
A cottage of Henry atte Putte which should pay 3/-; 18d received |
|
|
A cottage of Margaret atte Grevesatte which should pay 5/-; 2/- received |
|
|
A cottage of William atte Hurnland which should pay 5/-; 2/6 received |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
28/- |
John Hugh for 5/- land formerly of John his uncle |
|
12d |
John Hugh for 1d of land formerly of John his uncle |
|
3/- |
William Thurstan son of William for 22d land |
|
6/8 |
Joan atte pathe for a messuage and land from William her husband Geoffrey Voghel for above Joan |
|
14/- |
William son of William atte Brook for a messuage and land |
|
5/- |
Peter de Graveshate for a messuage and land formerly of Agnes (de Graveshate) |
|
20/- |
Edith daughter of Richard le Webbe for a messuage and land and a water mill formerly of her father |
|
18d |
The same Edith for a messuage from Julia her sister |
|
40/- |
William son of William of Bereford for a messuage, virgate of land, water mill and that piece of land called Denerude from his father |
|
10/- |
Robert Hugh son of John Beauche for a messuage and Iand from Joan his mother |
|
12d |
Agnes daughter of Joan la Lavendere for a messuage |
|
13/4 |
Walter son of Gilbert for a messuage and land from Luc |
|
8/- |
Henry Stretchouse for 2 messuages from William Grym his uncle |
|
6/8 |
William son of John Dolbogh for his father's land |
|
1349 |
|
|
… difficulties in following the fines and establishing landholding patterns. Some of the Barford smiths finally took Smith as their surname. The name of Alleyn disappeared from the records in a few years. But from the evidence of these two fines, William the Smith was also William Alleyn. Richard the Smith may have also been Richard Alleyn. |
|
|
Before the Black Death – roughly 1300-1348 A.D. – when a property became vacant a tenant was chosen, 'electus' by the homagium. After the Black Death in similar situations the word 'compulsis' was always used. |
|
|
Most of the rents within the whole manor of Sutton were unpaid. A few tenants paid small amounts. |
|
|
FINES |
(SUTTON) |
|
14/- |
Walter Stonledare the younger for 5/8 land from his father |
|
10/- |
William Thurston for a messuage and 4/- land from William his father |
|
8/- |
John Broce for a messuage and 5/- land surrendered by Alice |
|
13/4 |
William le Bakere for a messuage and 5/2 land from William le Bakere his uncle |
|
6/8 |
Julia daughter of William Thurston for a messuage and 2/3 land from her father |
|
6/8 |
Joan daughter of John atte Felde for a messuage and 2/8 land from her father |
|
8/- |
Roger atte Felde for Agnes daughter of William atte Felde and a messuage and 2/8d land |
|
9/- |
William son of William le Webbe for a messuage and 4/- land from his father |
|
5/- |
Joan widow of Roger le Bakere for a messuage and 3/4 land from her husband |
|
10/- |
Agnes sister of Robert atte Grevette for a messuage and 5/- land |
|
18d |
Cristina Stretchose for a messuage and 21½d land by surrender of her brother John |
|
18d |
John Trachele for Cristina and her land |
|
7/- |
Julia daughter of William Thurston for a messuage and 3/9½d land formerly of Nicholas Langeford her relative |
|
5/- |
Robert Knowler for a messuage and 3/11 land from Walter his brother |
|
4/- |
Walter atte forde for a messuage and 4/- land from Robert atte Hurne his relative |
|
8/4 |
William Hughe for a messuage and 5/- land from John Hugh his brother |
|
10/- |
Joan la Smyth for a messuage and 8/2 land from Adam le Smyth her brother |
|
20/- |
Richard le Smyth for Joan ard her land |
|
3/4 |
Richard de Bereford for a messuage and 10/- land formerly of Richard Dolbogh |
|
5/- |
Robert Knowler for a messuage and 5/- land from John his father |
|
NOTE |
In only about 2 cases in the whole of the manor [of Sutton] was the phrase 'none of the blood' used. |
|
1350 |
|
|
There was a very long list of defaults of rent for the whole of the manor in this account. No place names were given so it is difficult to be certain which appertain to Headley. Only in a very few cases was a small fraction of the rent paid. |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
3/4 |
Roger le Vinetur for a cottage and 10d land from John his brother |
|
1351 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
5/- |
Richard Langeford for a messuage and 4/- land surrendered by John Webbe |
|
26/8 |
Peter atte Stubbe for a messuage and 4/- land by surrender of William Thurston |
|
6/8 |
William le Bakere for a messuage and 3/9 land formerly of John le Bakere |
|
3/4 |
Nicholas atte Hurne for a messuage and 7/- land by surrender of Richard of Bereford |
|
1354 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
12/- |
Nicholas atte Hegge for half of 3/- land surrendered by Richard of Bereford |
|
1355 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
10/- |
Alice atte Knowle for a messuage and 4/- land from her brother Robert |
|
6/8 |
Alice atte Knowle for a messuage and 5/- land |
|
10/- |
Geoffrey Donkeston for Alice and her land |
|
15/- |
William son of Robert atte Hurne for a messuage and 4/- land |
|
NOTE |
A great deal about new building at Sutton. |
|
1356 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Thomas Langeford for Julia Thurston and a messuage and 21d land |
|
12d |
John Beanchess for a messuage and 5/- land from John Hugh his uncle |
|
3/- |
John atte Putte for a messuage and 5/- land surrendered by Geoffrey Donkeston |
|
NOTE |
Much building work at Sutton. |
|
1357 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
12d |
Robert atte Putte the younger for 1 rod ppre. from Geoffrey Donkeston |
|
NOTE |
Very considerable building work at Sutton. Tiles for this work sent from Farnham. |
|
1358 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
6/8 |
John atte Hurne for a messuage and 20d land from William atte Hurne |
|
1359 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
2/- |
Julia Lavender for a messuage and 2/- land from Agnes ------ missing |
|
NOTE |
New building at Sutton. Stone from Langrish. Tiles from Farnham and Oakhanger. |
|
1361 |
|
|
NOTE |
The large increase in the number of fines was caused by the second severe outbreak of the Black Death |
|
FINES |
|
|
2/- |
Edith Stretchhouse for a messuage and 3/- land |
|
--- |
William Conkeston for above Edith |
|
4/6 |
Alice Gilbert for a messuage and 4/- land once of John --------- |
|
5/- |
Philippa daughter of William le Smith for a messuage and 6/- land |
|
5/- |
Roger Bacon for above Philippa |
|
2/6½ |
Nicholas atte Hurne for a messuage and 20d land once of --- atte Hurne -- once of Walter --- |
|
10/- |
John atte Forde for a messuage and 4/- land |
|
16/- |
Joan widow of Robert Hurlebat for a messuage, fulling mill and 26/2 rent. This is a rather curious entry. Hurlebat's was the house which stood opposite the upper end of the mill pond of the present Headley corn mill. The sum of 26/2 (plus or minus a few pence) was, in a great many entries, the rent or fine for the corn mill. |
|
6/8 |
William Trochard for Joan atte Felde and a messuage and 2/8 land |
|
1362 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
2/- |
Geoffrey atte Hurne for a messuage and 40/- land formerly of John atte Putte, NS |
|
12d |
John le Fysh for a messuage formerly of John Stretchhouse, NS |
|
2/- |
Robert Grim for a messuage and 15d land formerly of William Eylof, NS |
|
12/- |
Robert Graveshote for a toft and 5/- land formerly of Nicholas atte Hurne |
|
6/8 |
Ralph son of Mabel Grym |
|
Robert Wydenhale ------ surrender --------- Bacon |
|
|
NOTE |
The letters NS above represent that 'none of the blood' appeared at court to claim and pay fine for the property. |
|
1363 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
10/- |
Richard Elys for Alice atte Knowle and a messuage and 4/- land |
|
8/- |
Richard le Hunte for Joan Hurlebat and a messuage and 27/2 land |
|
15/- |
Geoffrey atte Hurne for a messuage and 4/- land by surrender of William son of Robert ate Hurne |
|
27/- |
William Bacon for a messuage and 6/- land by surrender of Robert Wydenhale |
|
1364 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
John le Webbe for a messuage and 3/7 land by surrender of William Bacon |
|
2/- |
Joan daughter of Ralph Grym for licence to marry in the Tything of Churt in the Manor of Farnham |
|
1366 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
John of Graveshotte for a messuage and 5/- land and 6d ppre. formerly of Richard of Graveshot |
|
|
1367 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
5/- |
Walter atte Forde for a messuage and 5 acres formerly of John le Swan |
|
1368 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
10/- |
Agnes Dolbogh for a messuage and 10 acres, formerly of William Dolbogh, rent 4/- |
|
--------- 18/- William Hugh for a messuage and 10 acres, rent 5/1 |
|
|
----------- Eylof for a messuage and 10 acres, rent 5/-. [This] fine is granted on condition that a house shall be built. Usually the time, 1, 2 or 3 years during which the building shall 'take place' is stipulated. This condition was frequent for the next 100 years or more. It suggests that many of the houses built during the (relatively) prosperous years of the 13th Century were derelict by this time. |
|
|
1369 |
|
|
NOTE |
At [this] time there were two entries regarding the measurement of virgates within the Manor of Sutton. They were given as 40 and 41 statute acres. This is at variance with the customary of 1617. |
|
1370 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
20/- |
William Donkeston for a messuage and 12 acres, a cottage and 16 acres and a fulling mill by surrender of Richard Fysh |
|
1373 |
|
|
NOTE |
52 oaks brought from Alice Holt by John Buckingham. The name is preserved in a piece of land called Buckingham's at the north end of Cradle Lane. |
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Alice widow of Robert atte Putte for a cottage, a toft and 16 acres, rent 3/- |
|
16/- |
Nicholas atte Hurne for a messuage and 16 acres formerly of Robert atte Grevette, which Agnes widow of Roger atte Hurne had afterwards. Rent 5/8 |
|
16/8 |
Edith daughter of John Webbe for a messuage, rent 3/-, by surrender of Agnes Dolbogh |
|
26/8 |
Walter atte Forde for a messuage, rent 4/-, by surrender of John Hughe |
|
1374 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
10/- |
John Denefelde for Joan Trochard and a messuage and 4 acres, rent 4/- |
|
3/4 |
William Mone for a messuage and 12 acres, a cottage and 16 acres and a fulling mill by surrender of William Donkeston |
|
3/4 |
Edith daughter of Richard Fyshe for the above by surrender of William Mone |
|
6/8 |
William Donkeston for Edith and her land as above |
|
1376 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
3/4 |
William Gibon for a messuage, 3/- rent |
|
1378 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Richard Knowler for a toft, 10d rent, next to the church (of Headley) formerly of John Moderdon |
|
1379 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
18/- |
William son of Richard Smyth for a messuage and 8/- land from his father |
|
5/- |
William atte Marsh for Edith Webbe and her land, a messuage 4/- land, 4d ppre. |
|
1381 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
2/- |
Matilda daughter of Nicholas atte Grevette for a messuage and 20d land once of Roger Gercel |
|
5/- |
Alice Gilbert daughter of John Gilbert for a messuage and 4/- land |
|
5/- |
William son of Walter atte Broke for a messuage and 4/- land, surrendered by Alice daughter of John Gilbert |
|
2/- |
Joan Kinge for a messuage and 2/- land |
|
[Approximate date of building tower at All Saints church, Headley] |
|
|
1382 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Thomas Fynnan for Edith Stretchehouse and 2 messuages and 6/11 land |
|
6d |
Peter atte Putte for 5/- land (?) lately of Geoffrey atte Hurne |
|
1384 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
2/- |
William Mone for a messuage and 5/- land by surrender of Richard (atte) Hulle |
|
1388 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
2/- |
Robert atte Mulle for Joan King, a toft and 2/- land on condition that they build a house within 3 years |
|
1392 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
3/4 |
Letice widow of John Bele for a messuage and 2/3 land |
|
6/8 |
Joan widow of William Gilbert for a messuage and 4/11 land |
|
5/- |
Walter atte Broke for a messuage ard 3/2 land formerly of Henry Stretchhouse |
|
6/8 |
Alice widow of Walter Stonledger for a messuage and 5/8 land |
|
3/4 |
Julia widow of Thomas Fyshe for a messuage and 2/- land |
|
1393 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
5/- |
Agnes of Whessander (Wishanger) for a messuage and 11/- land formerly of Richard her husband |
|
10/- |
William atte Broke for Joan Gilbert, a messuage and 4/11 land |
|
4/- |
Richard Hoggesflesh for Joan Graveshote, a messuage and 3/- land |
|
6/8 |
William Took for Alice, widow of Walter Stoneledere, a messuage and 5/8 land |
|
5/- |
Henry atte Putte for a messuage and 3/- land, formerly of Robert atte Putte, which Alice widow of Robert surrendered in court |
|
1394 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
8/- |
Peter Langeford for 1/- land by surrender of Agnes Whessanger |
|
5/- |
Alice widow of William atte Broke for a messuage and 3/- land |
|
6/8 |
Richard Langeford for a messuage and 6/- land surrendered by Agnes Luc |
|
1395 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
10/- |
Robert son of William Gilberd for a messuage |
|
4/- |
Richard Wal -------- for Julia widow of Thomas Fyshe |
|
1396 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Alice daughter of Edith, daughter of Richard Fyshe for a messuage and 12 acres, a cottage and 16 acres, a fulling mill formerly of Thomas Fynams husband of Edith |
|
13/4 |
Richard Hoints (Hunt?) for Alice and her land |
|
12d |
Roger Gerrcel for a toft and 5/2 land formerly of Peter atte Putte, which was derelict |
|
12d |
William atte Marsh for 3/- ppre. which William forfeited because he let it to John Webbe for 16 years without licence |
|
1399 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
20d |
Peter of Graveshotte for a messuage and 2/3 land formerly of John Bele |
|
1400 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
3/4 |
John W--------- for 5 acres of bondland and 2 acres ppre.formerly of William atte Marsh, derelict |
|
12d |
Richard Langford for a messuage and 3/- land formerly of Richard Keynes |
|
3/- |
Roger son of William atte Broke for a messuage and 3/2 land formerly of Henry Stretchhouse |
|
1401 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
16/4 |
William Fysh, the elder, for a messuage and fulling mill, and 3/6 rent from Alice Donk(eston) |
|
3/4 |
Alice widow of Richard atte Brouke for a messuage and 3/2 land |
|
13/4 |
William Fysh, the younger, for a messuage, plot and mill from Robert Hurlebat, 27/2 rent, NS |
|
3/4 |
John -------- son of Walter Stonleder for a messuage and 5/8 land |
|
1404 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
10/- |
Cristina daughter of William Covernat for her father's land |
|
1405 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
3/4 |
John son of Geoffrey atte Herne for a messuage and 4/- land |
|
6/8 |
Thomas Abbot for Philipa daughter of above and her land |
|
6/8 |
Agnes widow of Roger atte Hurne for a messuage and 5/- land and 1d rent for a plot of ppre. |
|
Near to Truxford, Elstead there was a small piece of land called Pennyreeds. In other words, the clearing in the waste whose rent was one penny. ??? |
|
|
3/4 |
Nicholas atte Rede for above Agnes and her land |
|
6/8 |
John Fysh the younger for a messuage and 3/- land by surrender of William Fysh |
|
6/- |
Alice daughter of William atte Pathe for 2 messuages and 10/2 land and 8d rent for a piece of ppre. |
|
6/- |
Richard Curteys for Alice and her land |
|
20d |
John Clever for a toft and 5/- land |
|
10d |
John Fysh the younger for a messuage and 3/9 land and a messuage and 2/2 land by surrender of Thomas Thurstan and to which John Borden renounced his right |
|
1406 |
|
|
NOTES |
|
|
Most of the tenants of Churt employed on repairing the dam at Frensham Pond. |
|
|
As has been previously noted, for the next hundred years, many properties were let with the stipulation that a house (or later) a barn was to be erected or repaired. Not only was this done but also the type or size of house was decreed. In almost every case, the wording states that it is to consist of two 'copuli' and two 'curtis' below. 'Copulus' usually, means a pair or couple of rafters. However, here (as other entries show) it is used in the sense of a truss. 'Curtis' is somewhat difficult to translate - curtilage, court, courtyard are possibles. If it had meant the division of the house space into two rooms one would have expected the word 'chamber' to have been used. From our knowledge of Surrey houses (see Surrey Domestic Buildings Research Group's publications) one would suppose the house to have a partition under one truss to divide the chamber from the hall. The other truss would then be roughly in the centre of the hall. The way the phrase is repeated meant that the sense was quite clear at the time. The people involved were all tenants of the Bishop. They were all bound under pain of severe penalties to maintain their properties. It is therefore at least not improbable that the Bishop required a certain and improved standard of housing when tenants took over derelict lands. |
|
|
1409 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
John son of Walter for a messuage and 6/8 land in Stanford |
|
5/- |
Richard son of Robert Northgate for a messuage and 5/2 land in Graveshote |
|
3/4 |
Isabel atte Felde for a messuage and 3/- land from Agnes atte Felde her mother |
|
3/4 |
Hugh Letice for Agnes |
|
23/4 |
John Plunker for a mill (and land) in Barford by surrender of William Bereford |
|
NOTE |
The standard house of two 'copuli' at Sutton was further required to be tiled, not thatched. |
|
1410 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
6/8 |
Isabel widow of Philip atte Hatch for a messuage and 8/8 land in Stanford |
|
1411 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
3/4 |
John Reynolds for a garden and 2 crofts of ppre. by surrender of Richard Knoller |
|
1412 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
10/- |
John Fyshe the younger for a messuage and 6/- land by surrender of Joan Stonleder |
|
1413 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
3/4 |
John Eylof for a messuage and 12 acres from John his brother |
|
13/4 |
Agnes daughter of William Longynton for a messuage and 8/2 land from Philip atte Hatche |
|
2/- |
Thomas Fyche son of William for a cottage and 3 crofts of land |
|
1415 |
|
|
Henry V at Farnham Castle |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Walter son of William atte Broke for a messuage and 3/- land from his father |
|
6/8 |
The same for Brucland |
|
6/8 |
Richard son of John Wylking for a messuage and 3/- land |
|
1416 |
|
|
Considerable repairs to dam at Frensham Pond. Large stones called Keres (Carrs) brought from the quarry at Barford. |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
4/- |
Walter atte Broke, son of William for a messuage and 3/- land called Streachouse formerly of Richard his uncle |
|
4/- |
William Fyshe for a messuage and 3/9 land as above by surrender of Walter atte Broke |
|
2/- |
Thomas Fuller for a messuage and 3/4 land called 'atte Felde' (Field House, Headley) by surrender of Hugh Letyce |
|
3/4 |
Kathleen widow of William Gybond for land called 'Beanchis' |
|
1419 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
20/- |
William Fyshe cordwainer for a messuage, fulling mill and 9/- land formerly of William Reynolds |
|
1420 |
|
|
Visit to Castle by Henry V in May (i.e. May 1421). |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
William Fyshe for a messuage and 3 crofts of ppre. by surrender of William Fyshe |
|
5/- |
Isabel daughter of Alice Curteys for a messuage |
|
10/- |
John Philips for Isabel |
|
12d |
Julia widow of Richard Northgate for a messuage and ppre. |
|
8/- |
John Langeford for a messuage and 6/- land by surrender of Alice widow of Simon ate Brancet (Bramshott) |
|
1421 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
12d |
Joan Marsh for a cottage next to the cemetery from John Reynolds |
|
12d |
Joan Marsh for 2 crofts of ppre. |
|
1425 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
£6 |
William atte Welle for a messuage and mill from John Plonker who was a felon |
|
6/8 |
Thomas Fyshe by surrender of Henry atte Putte |
|
10/- |
Walter atte Broke for 2 messuages surrendered by Walter atte Broke his kinsman |
|
1427 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
|
Thomas Langford for land (and house?) by surrender of Henry atte Patte |
|
1429 |
|
|
FINE |
(FARNHAM) |
|
2/- |
William atte Welle declared heir of the wife of John Plonker, to have a messuage and mill in Bereford |
|
FINE |
(SUTTON) |
|
12/- |
John Ayloff for a messuage and land |
|
1431 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
12d |
John Bykenham for a messuage from Agnes his mother |
|
10d |
Alice wife of Peter atte Hethe for licence to let a messuage called Herlands to Roger Mone |
|
1433 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
7/- |
Katherine widow of John Bromden for a messuage --------- |
|
12d |
John Underwood for a messuage and 1 rod ppre. formerly of William ------- who had no heirs |
|
8/- |
John Graveshote son of John for 2 messuages (and land) |
|
3/4 |
Pichard Baker son of Laurence for a toft formerly of John Grymes and his wife Joan Baker |
|
NOTE |
|
|
Many places abandoned in the Manor of Sutton. |
|
|
1434 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
12d |
John Langford for a messuage at Graveshote by surrender of John Beckenhill |
|
6/- |
John Grymes for a toft by surrender of Richard Baker son of Laurence and Joan Baker |
|
1438 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
12/- |
Thomas son of William Fyshe for a messuage and fulling mill and 3 crofts of ppre. By surrender of William his father |
|
10/- |
William son of William Fyshe for a messuage, fulling mill and 2 plots of land formerly of John Ashwere which the said John abandoned |
|
2/- |
William atte Mille for a messuage from Robert atte Mylle |
|
1440 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
10/- |
William son of John Fyshe for 2 messuages from his father |
|
1441 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
2/- |
Thomas Fyshe for 2 crofts of ppre. called Vinters by surrender of William Fyshe son of John |
|
10/- |
Thomas Drake, 1 toft by surrender of John Grymes |
|
6/- |
John Fyshe son of William the elder, a messuage from his father |
|
1447 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
6/8 |
Cristina widow of Peter Clever for a messuage and land |
|
1449 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
14/- |
John Philip for a messuage and land by surrender of Richard Wylling |
|
20d |
Thomas Auncell for a messuage by surrender of William Lydeford, which had been in the Lord's hands for many years |
|
1451 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
3/4 |
Thomas son of Robert Philip for land |
|
3/4 |
Thomas Fyshe for a messuage and ppre. called 'fyshes' and a holding of William Fyshe called 'Hurlebats' |
|
1452 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
John Langford son of Richard for a messuage (and land) which his mother Matilda had for life |
|
6/8 |
John Langford brother of Roger (for his land) |
|
Rolls change to Books here |
|
|
1458 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
6/8 |
from the heir of John Washforde for a messuage and ppre. in Headley |
|
1461 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Joan widow of John Langford for her husband's land |
|
3/4 |
John Grymes for Joan Langford and her land |
|
8d |
Richard atte More for a piece of land called 'Cutlake' by surrender of William Fyshe |
|
6/8 |
John Browne and Alice for a messuage by surrender of John Langford |
|
1462 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
10/- |
Thomas Fyshe and Joan for a messuage called Pytlands by surrender of Edith Langford, late wife of the said Thomas |
|
1463 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
4/- |
Agnes widow of William Fyshe for a messuage, fulling mill and plot of land |
|
3/4 |
Thomas Graveshote son of Joan lately wife of John Langford for a messuage which Joan held and afterwards John Grymes husband of Joan |
|
3/4 |
Thomas Graveshote for a messuage called 'Northhouse' by surrender of Joan wife of John Langford |
|
6/8 |
Aylof for a messuage and 12 acres by surrender of above Joan |
|
1466 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
6/8 |
John Fyshe son of William for a messuage by surrender of John Brewer and Alice |
|
1473 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
Robert Fyshe son of William for land recovered from Jacob Turgis and Agnes his wife |
|
6/8 |
John Philips for a messuage called 'Curtens' by surrender of John his father |
|
3/4 |
The same for land called 'Smyths' |
|
Curtis farm is at Long Cross. [Is this true? – JOS] 'Smyths' was on the west side of the Headley Wood to Lindford Lane. |
|
|
13/ |
John Baker for 'Hillonds' formerly of Peter Hervere (Heather) which fell into the Lord's hands through lack of heirs |
|
1474 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Richard Gibon son of Thomas for a messuage |
|
6/8 |
John Abbott son of Richard for a messuage |
|
3/4 |
John Abbott son of Richard for a toft |
|
13/4 |
John Wodeman for Joan widow of Thomas Fyshe and for a messuage; a messuage, a fulling mill and 3 crofts of ppre.; a cottage and curtilage next to the cemetery and 2 crofts of ppre. containing 6 acres called 'Vintners' |
|
1475 |
|
|
FINES |
[Looks like these are for Sutton, though Brooks doesn’t say so] |
|
5/- |
John Philips for a messuage called Smythers |
|
20d |
Robert Mason for a messuage and toft formerly of Robert Fyshe son of William |
|
6/8 |
Edith Bocher daughter of Walter atte Broke for various lands including 'le herne' |
|
6/8 |
Robert Philips son of John for a messuage called 'Billifords' |
|
1480 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
3/4 |
Robert Philips for a messuage called 'Philips Place' |
|
12d |
'for ppre. both lately of Thomas Philips' |
|
3/4 |
Thomas Williams for the above land |
|
6/8 |
Richard Hethe of Alton for a messuage and toft called 'Hillonds', lately of Matilda Boker his mother |
|
6/8 |
Joan wife of John Langford for Lokes and a toft called Keynes. Lokes is Plaster Hill, Keynes was on the south of the road about opposite Smith Lane. ??? |
|
3/4 |
William Gyll for a messuage called 'Heronlands' (Hurnelauds) by surrender of Henry Butcher. On the site of the house on the west side of the junction of Spats Lane and the Headley Road. ??? |
|
6/8 |
Richard Auncell for a messuage called 'Gibbes' by surrender of Richard Gibbond |
|
20d |
Thomas Bishop for a place called 'Budwoode' or 'Small Down' by surrender of John Aslet |
|
1481 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
10/- |
Susan heir of John Fyshe for a messuage called Stonehouse and a messuage and ppre. called Streachers |
|
1483 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
20d |
William Graveshet for a messuage and land called Underwood by surrender of Thomas Bishop |
|
1484 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Richard Rede for a messuage called Billeford by surrender of William Philips |
|
6/8 |
Richard Drake for 'Lucas' from Joan wife of John Langford |
|
1497 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
William Botcher, son of Henry heir of Walter atte Broke for a messuage |
|
6/8 |
The same for a house in Linsted |
|
2/- |
Robert Mynchenhalle for a messuage called Hillond formerly of Peter Clever and afterwards John Baker |
|
1502 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
5/- |
Thomas Drake for a messuage and 6/8 land formerly of Richard Drake his father |
|
1506 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
3/4 |
William Gill for a messuage called Hurlands |
|
28/- |
William Gill for a messuage, plot and mill (Headley Mill) |
|
5/- |
John Philips for 'Curtis' and a piece of ppre. called 'Smyths' |
|
1511 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
8/4 |
John Auncell for a messuage and 15 acres by surrender of William Ayliffe |
|
½d |
Richard atte More for a messuage ard plot and 6d for 1 acre ppre. |
|
20d |
the same for land called 'Kings' |
|
5/- |
John Langford for a messuage and land and ppre. formerly of Richard atte More |
|
1514 |
|
|
NOTE |
From the evidence of the fines over the last 150 years, these had been years of stagnation. Land had been left idle and houses and mills decayed. Many of those tenants who had managed to survive, had done so apparently because large amounts of their rents had been forgiven. This is perhaps not the right word to use. There had probably been no 'forgiveness'. The money had not been there to collect. But now times were changing. It is possible, but by no means certain, that the increasingly common stipulations that the new house was to have a certain size or a hall and chamber denoted a wish for better housing. If so, it tends to confirm what we suspected - the houses of the earlier small farmers were really nothing more than shacks. The evidence for this economic improvement comes in many small ways. No new land had been taken into cultivation since the Black Death (one reason in Farnham being that with few exceptions it was all being farmed at that time). However, from now on there appeared a separate heading 'New Rents'. In this was recorded new rents arising from land taken out of the waste (parts of Whitmore Vale in Churt), and land which was waste because it had gone out of cultivation. New rents also arose from new activities. New mills were erected and old ones moved to better sites. Fullers earth was dug again and there were new licences for making bricks and tiles. Later in this century there was a steady replacement of the old houses. In Churt many new smoke bay houses were built (see Surrey Domestic Buildings Research Group reports). At the end of the century and the beginning of the 17th Century, wings were added to these houses to include a new fireplace and chimney. Some were re-built altogether. Unfortunately, as the material for these houses was available to the tenant as a right according to the custom of the manor, there is little documentary dating. It is only when a house was built on a new piece of land as at Tilford that we get a positive date. |
|
1519 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
4d |
Thomas Figge to build a fulling mill in the waste next to land called Stretchers. The plot to be 24ft x 30ft ??? |
|
There had always been two fulling mills at Stanford. One of them, like other mills, had fallen into decay and was to be replaced by this new mill. The site was above the mill pond of the present corn mill. |
|
|
1520 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
12/- |
From John Rede and --------- Drake, Church wardens for 3 acres of land next to the close called Chalcrofte. Which close abuts the Rector's (of Headley) land on the west and the highway from Headley to Bramshott on the east, the Alton road on the north and the churchway from Headley to Stanford on the south, by surrender of John Fyshe, Rector, on this condition that the Church wardens make a new house of (blank space) trusses, for use of the Church for 'recreation', as long as the Church wardens pay 5/3 per annum. [It is assumed that this entry is for the house now called 'Suters' in Headley High Street] |
|
This entry is written up in the Farnham and District Museum Society Newsletter, but that article is not quite correct. This 'village hall' derives from the local clubs which had been in existence from time immemorial. Although many of them had a 'mutual benefit' aspect, they were to a large extent drinking clubs (see note on roll regarding the Ropley Guild House). |
|
|
1523 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
12/4 |
William Humphrey son of Thomas for a messuage and 4/4 land |
|
1525 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
22/- |
Richard Gyll for a messuage, water mill and ppre. from John Gilbert his kinsman |
|
10/- |
Richard Hayes for Agnes Figg and her land, a messuage and land (Road Farm) and land called 'Langfords' which Margaret mother of Agnes held during her lifetime |
|
1526 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
John Fyshe, Rector of Headley died. Sister Katherine, wife of Richard Randolph inherited a substantial amount of land including a fulling mill, a cottage next to the cemetery and 6 acres called Vintners |
|
|
13/4 |
John Abbott for Keynes acre and a messuage, toft, 4/- land and for Hernhouse and 2/- for Kitts |
|
5/- |
Richard Drake for 3 crofts containing 18 acres called Townshipland |
|
6d |
Richard Drake for licence to build a mill on the Lord's land below a place called Drakes Bridge |
|
See note Farnham and District Museum Society Newsletter, June l980 |
|
|
1527 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
|
Aswina (?) Frost for a licence to let a place (farm) called Reynolds to William Follower |
|
This is the first time the name which became Vallor and Voller is written. This family which had continued to the present day, has lived in Headley for many hundreds of years. |
|
|
1529 |
|
|
FINES |
(FARNHAM) |
|
13/4 |
New Rent Richard Drake - for a water mill at the head of Frensham Pond for a period of years |
|
Only one other reference has been found for either of the mills that Richard Drake was licenced to build. In the Parliamentary Survey of 1552 (Hants. Record Office) which is written in Latin there is a note in English at the end of the Survey of Headley which queries the exact location of the boundary by Frensham Pond. This does mention the mill. Otherwise, at least so far, no other record of Richard Drake's 2 mills has been found. |
|
|
FINES |
(SUTTON) |
|
13/8 |
John Rede, Clerk for land |
|
Richard Drake for licence for a mill for working iron, in the Lord's Common (land) in that place called Drakes Bridge |
|
|
1532 |
|
|
Land could not be let for more than a year without the transaction being noted in the manorial accounts and a fine paid. The majority of the entries in the accounts only give the name of the owner of the land and not the name of the person who rented it. From about this date there came into being a system of landlord and tenant farming which persisted into the present century. Later on, particularly in the latter half of the 17th Century and the 18th Century as the farming families died out or went bankrupt, much land was bought up by the attorneys, brewers and maltsters etc. and let to tenants. |
|
|
It was in this way and by marriage that the small estates of the 19th Century were built up. Unfortunately, the accumulation of a number of medieval farms into one estate makes the identification of the sites of early farms much more difficult. |
|
|
FlNE |
|
|
|
William Hoggefleshe for ppre. called 'Underwoods' |
|
1533 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
61/8 |
Agnes Baker widow of William, heir of ------ Frost, for a messuage and 8 acres called 'Reynolds' and a croft of ppre. |
|
6/8 |
Thomas Aslett for a messuage called Pathese which Richard Randolph and Katherine his wife formerly held |
|
5/- |
William Langford, heir of John Langford, for a messuage and 4/4 land called 'Trachells', a toft and 2/3 land formerly of Richard atte More |
|
13/4 |
William Fyge for a toft called Keynes Acre, a messuage and toft called Herne House and for Kitts, by surrender of John Abbot. This land was on the south side of the road opposite the present houses called Hurne. |
|
1536 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
8/4 |
Richard Gill for a toft called 'Hillonds' |
|
13/4 |
Richard Figg for a messuage in Stanford, lately of Thomas Figg |
|
8/4 |
William Auncell for a messuage called 'Clevers' |
|
5/6 |
Thomas Woodman for a messuage and 3d for land called 'Smyths' which fell into the Lord's hands by surrender of William Figge |
|
1537 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
16/8 |
John Baker son of Agnes for a messuage and 8/- rent land called 'Reynolds' by death of his mother |
|
11/- |
Edward Rickmen for Washford by surrender of Mychenall |
|
1538 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
John Helyott for a messuage called 'Herons' and 2 tofts called Kitts and High Kytts, by surrender of William Figg (John Abbot and his wife Alice to have it for their lives?) |
|
10/- |
Robert Harding for a messuage and 2 tofts called Lokeis, rent 10/4 by surrender of Richard Drake. This is Luke's, now called Plaster Hill. ??? – see his Marriage record, 1st July 1539 |
|
NOTES |
Baptism, Marriage and Burial registers for Headley begin in 1539 |
|
From about this date local records became steadily more profuse. In 1552 Parliamentary Commissioners carried out a survey of the lands of the Manor of Sutton. The original, in Latin, is in the Hants Record Office, ECR 136/1. The writer found a translation made in the 18th Century among the Combe-Miller Papers H.R.O. This document described the lands of each tenant in Headley and the rent due to the Bishopric. In addition, there are over a hundred wills and inventories for the Parish of Headley made during the years between 1548 and 1640. They demonstrate with remarkable clarity the change from post-medieval to modern life and farming. What makes them particularly valuable is the fact that many can be identified with actual farms. Although they have already been collected for publication, the reference numbers will be given where tenants' wills and inventories survive. |
|
|
The above Robert Harding's will is dated 17th April 1564, ref. no.C.C. 54A. His meagre possessions in clothes, furniture and live stock were probably such as most small farmers had in medieval times. |
|
|
1542 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
12/4 |
Walter Humphrey son of William for a messuage and curtilage called 'North House' |
|
Thomas Botcher paid for a licence to let a messuage and land called 'Brokesland' and Asherland |
|
|
5/8 |
Joan Aslet wife of Thomas Aslet for her father Thomas Woodman's land |
|
1543 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
|
John William granted a plot of land 12ft x 10ft in the east of Headley to build a shop to sell charcoal. A shop was usually a workshop but in this case it seems that it really was a shop in the modern sense. |
|
NOTE |
From about this time there were stray references in wills, inventories and presentations, to the colour of farm animals. These are useful clues to the kind of animals that were kept. Unfortunately, they are too few to provide certain knowledge. In this account, John Boxold of Ridgeway's animal was a black spotted pig. Even this does not tell us what the pig was like. We do not know if the pig was black or its spots were black. |
|
1545 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
2/6 |
Richard Drake, a new rent fixed for 2¼ acres of moor and underwood in the south part of Whytmore and a piece of land called Styrte that had fallen into the Lord's hands through lack of tenants |
|
6/8 |
Alice Aslet daughter of Thomas for a messuage called Peythese |
|
1546 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
|
Thomas son of William Fygge for a messuage called Stondland and a fulling mill |
|
William Fygge 1545, Will and inventory C.C. F39a. |
|
|
1553 |
|
|
FlNES |
|
|
Laurence Elliot, son of John Elliot paid fine for Hernhouse, 24acres; Kitts, 6 acres, Keynes, 22 acres. These land are all at the Hern on the Headley road. Hernhouse was on the south side of the road as were the other lands. |
|
|
10/- |
Edward Drake heir of Richard Drake, eldest son of Thomas Drake for a messuage and curtilage (Barford Cottage) and 9 acres called 'Grymes'; a toft and orchard and a piece of land called Northland containing 15 acres; and ??? |
|
3/- |
for a plot of meadow containing 1 acre at the west end of the above called Northalls next to Figmore |
|
6d |
for the site of the mill at Drake's Bridge |
|
Northland was between Field House and Frensham Pond Hotel. ??? |
|
|
1556 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
6d |
John Warner for licence to move an exceedingly ruinous barn from Northland to Graveshot for use of the woodwards |
|
1557 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
2/- |
John Newman for Kitts, 6 acres, at Hurne by surrender of Laurence Elliot |
|
1558 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
10/- |
William Langford for a messuage called High Grayshot with 21 acres and 5 acres ppre. by surrender of Richard Chete and his wife Katherine |
|
Henry Chete for Bottomcombe, Hungricombe and Haywards by surrender of William Langford |
|
|
|
Alice Myll for a messuage, orchard and 25 acres called 'Ayloffes' by surrender of William Graveshott |
|
1560 |
|
|
… all the land between Barford and Hurn was called Barford. |
|
|
1561 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
15/- |
John Hayes for a messuage and curtilage and 22 acres called Playstowe; a toft called 'Longfords' and 34 acres, and 3 crofts containing 5 acres by surrender of Richard and Agnes Hayes, who were to have the properties during their lives |
|
William Figg for a fulling mill from his father John |
|
|
John Figg - Will, no Inventory; C.C. F.40.G. |
|
|
William Gylle for Hurlebats and 65 acres; cottage, mill and 5 acres; Hillands 20 acres |
|
|
Nicholas Gyll for Hernclose, 26 acres |
|
|
These two sons inherited from Richard Gyll. Among Richard Gyll's poultry were turkeys. It is uncertain if these were guinea fowl or American turkeys. |
|
|
Hernclose was on the west wide of Spats Lane and its junction with the Headley Road. |
|
|
Richard Gyll - Will and Inventory 1560 unclassified. |
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1563 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
10/- |
William Clare for a messuage, curtilage, toft and 24 acres called 'Grymes', rent 7/8 p.a. by surrender of Edward Drake |
|
20d |
the same for 7 acres called 'Halemede' |
|
John Fyshe licenced to move a stable and shop to his land called 'Phyllips' |
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|
NOTES |
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|
It was hoped that the reading of these account would provide a positive dating for some of the Churt – Headley houses. However, although the cutting of any timber or the moving of any soil was absolutely prohibited without a special licence, this did not apply to the timber needed to build or rebuild a barn or house on an existing farm. |
|
|
There were licences to move or demolish buildings like the above and in some cases stipulations as to whether a tenant was to re-use or sell the timber from a derelict building. In the light of the evidence from the fines of the late 14th Century and 15th Century it is unlikely that many of our open hall houses are earlier then the last half of the 15th Century. At the same time written evidence confirms the re-use of timbers as found when recording vernacular buildings. (Cf. Hoorside, Churt – king post and dragon ties; Surrey Domestic Buildings Research Group). |
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|
1566 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
|
Henry Heath for lands in Linsted by surrender of Peter Harding |
|
|
Henry Heath, Will and Inventory 1592, C.C. 57b. |
|
10/- |
John Harding son of Robert for 'Lukes' 23 acres saving the right of Agnes his mother |
|
Gore Pouch (between Headley Wood Farm and Lindford) let to Thomas Edsall (Will and Inventory, 1585 Arch.) |
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|
1567 |
|
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FINE |
|
|
|
Herne house, 23 acres and Keynes, surrendered by Laurence Elliot to Oliver Morer |
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Hieronymus Morer, Will and Inventory 1583, C.C. 74b. |
|
|
1568 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
6/8 |
Agnes Ayliffe heir of John Ayliffe for Field House formerly of Thomas Ayliffe |
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1569 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
Licence to build a cottage in Philipes Field, by or on the site of the house now called 'Huntingford' at Headley Wood. |
|
|
William Fygge licensed to let his fulling mill which was very ruinous |
|
|
4/- |
William Langford for garden, orchard and curtilage called Hern Close, 26 acres by surrender of Nicholas Gyll |
|
William Langford, Will, no Inventory 1582, C.C. 68a.Fo.445. |
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1570 |
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FINES |
|
|
|
Elizabeth Drake, licensed to let 'Grymes' – with permission to make a kitchen – 'coquina', on the south side of the hall and (a thing called) an oven and an 'ester' in the kitchen. |
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The exact meaning of this is uncertain. At this period there occurred 6 or 7 other licences to build 'coquina' in various parts of the manor. There was another one attached to Headley Mill. The base, ester, can be extended to words coupled either with grain or firewood. One possible meaning is that a bakery was being built. |
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|
|
John Elliot for Hernhouse and its land by surrender of Oliver Morer |
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1578 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
|
William Mills for licence to let a toft and 18 acres called Bulles in Grayshot |
|
|
Richard Stillwell for licence to let Vintners, 8 acres |
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Only a few of these licences to demise have been noted. They are sometimes useful in confirming the ownership of a property, or in the case of a Will and Inventory, whether the testator actually lived at a place he was known to have owned. |
|
|
William Mill, 1578 Will and Inventory, C.C. 74a, Fo.183. |
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1579 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
John Love, heir of Alice Freeland for a house called Paythehouse |
|
2/8 |
the same for a cottage and 5 crofts of ppre |
|
6/- |
Laurence Morer for Hernhouse and Keynes by death of Oliver his father |
|
The various transactions concerning Hernhouse and Keynes appear to contradict one another. What is not usually realised is that they result from complicated business deals. Only very occasionally does a note concerning them survive. The land may be transferred to an owner because of failure to repay a mortgage or be part of a marriage settlement. But most usually they seem to arise because families continued to use the same names. Thus the same names appearing in fine and will does not necessarily mean it was the same person. In William Luff's Will of 1582, legacies were left to John his eldest son and John his youngest son. |
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|
1583 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
5/- |
Thomas Langforde for a messuage and toft called 'Grymes' 24 acres, by surrender of William Langforde his father |
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William Langford 1582 Will, no Inventory, C.C. 68ac. Fo.445. |
|
|
Joan Langforde, widow of William, 1587 Will and Inventory, C.C. 68a. |
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|
NOTES |
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|
Thomas Figge inherited Richard Figg's land in Stanford. |
|
|
Richard Figge 1581 Will and Inventory, C.C. 41b. Fo.367. He was a fuller and lived at Hatchhouse in Linford. |
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|
1585 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
2/6 |
Richard Stylwell for a cottage at the gate of the cemetery (at Headley Church) |
|
2/6 |
The same for 3 crofts called Vinters containing 8 acres |
|
16d |
Edmund Fyshe for 2 closes containing 7 acres called 'Longdeans' or 'Hockland', being part of 16 acres called Phylpes land in Barford by surrender of John Fish |
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John Fish 1593, C.C. 41B. |
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|
|
Thomas and Agnes Chiffeck [Chissick], licence to let land called 'Clevers' |
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Agnes Chiffeck 1619, Will and Inventory, C.C. |
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|
1586 |
|
|
William Vicary of Headley 1599, Will C.C. b. |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
20/4 |
Elizabeth Fyshe for land called Fyshes in Stanford 32 acres. William and Margaret, her parents, to have a life interest |
|
1587 |
|
|
During the course of the 16th Century, the word 'house' was added to many hitherto simple names. Hale House and Podmore House are two examples. It is possible that this suffix arose from the great 'new build' that was going on at this time. |
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|
It was the custom of the Manor of Sutton for custody of a minor to be granted to a person at some distance in blood relationship. It thus prevented a person next in line of inheritance from harming the minor or his lands. |
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|
FINES |
|
|
|
Richard Boxold (of Stanford) for licence to pull down an old kitchen |
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Richard Boxold, 1615 Will and Inventory, Arch. |
|
|
William Turner for a cottage and 3 acres ppre. at Arford Water and land called Fyshemeade at Linford by surrender of Thomas Turner [first mention of Arford in these entries] |
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|
Thomas Turner, fuller, 1587 Will and Inventory, Arch. |
|
|
Joan Turner, his wife, 1591 Will and Inventory, Arch. They had the fulling mill at Stanford. |
|
|
1588 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
12/4 |
George Norton, gentleman, heir of Peter Norton, licenced to take down and re-build the North House. This was north of Field House. Possibly on the lane which runs west between Field House and Wishanger ??? |
|
|
Henry Langford, heir of William, for Trachells, Lukes, Keynes and Hurn Close |
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William, a minor, son of William Figg, for a messuage and 6 acres in Stanford |
|
|
William Figg, 1611, Will, no Inventory C.C. |
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|
|
Alice Madewyck for licence to take down and re-build the Dye House in Headley |
|
1589 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
3/4 |
Reginald Stylwell for ½ acre on the east part of the road leading to the chase and forest of the Bishop to the south to build a cottage |
|
7/2 |
Julia Drake for a messuage and 18 acres by surrender of George Drake |
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Henry Langford, heir of William (his brother) heir of Thomas Langford, for High Grayshot. Henry Heath to have custody of Henry who was a minor |
|
|
1591 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
10/- |
John Grayshott for 32 acres at High Grayshott by surrender of William Norris |
|
11/- |
John Whitby, the younger, for a messuage and 22 acres called Asheford and 2 acres ppre. at Washford by surrender of John Whitby senior and Alice his wife |
|
John Whitby 1611, Will and Inventory, Arch. |
|
|
1592 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
2/- |
William Ellis alias Mills for Kitts 6 acres by surrender of John Newman |
|
John Newman 1608, Arch. |
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|
1593 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
2/- |
Thomas Colpas for Kitts, 6 acres by surrender of William Ellise |
|
6/8 |
George Quinhyll 40 acres of the waste called 'at Mones Oke' by surrender of William Bryce |
|
2/6 |
Nicholas Morton, heir of John, for Grayshott and Underwoods on condition that John and Elizabeth Warner have it for life |
|
21/- |
William Gyll for Hurlebats in Stanford, 66 acres by surrender of William Gyll, his father |
|
8/4 |
The same for Hillonds 20 acres |
|
Licence granted to clear waste land in Ropley |
|
|
3/4 |
William Peake, gentleman, for 4 closes, part of Keynes and Hern House, containing 14 acres by surrender of John Newman |
|
3/4 |
The same for a piece of Keynes containing 10 acres. A house in that close called Haywood containing 5 acres and 5 acres next to Bottom Combe and Hanger Combe by surrender of John Newman |
|
NOTE |
On many occasions, lands were let by licence the year before they were transferred or sold to a new owner. The new owner and tenant being the same person. |
|
1594 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
4/- |
William Harding for Hernclose, 26 acres by surrender of William Bryce |
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2/- |
William Alburie for Kitts, 6 acres by surrender of Thomas Colpis |
|
Nicholas Magwick for 'Curtis' by surrender of Robert Magwick |
|
|
John Newman of Hurn, licence to let part of Keynes |
|
|
John Newman 1599, Will and Inventory. |
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|
1595 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
|
Jasper Valler for Asheforde 24 acres and Washeford 2 acres by surrender of John Whitby |
|
8/- |
William Harding for 2 closes called Whiteclose and 6 acres by surrender of William Norris |
|
13/4 |
Edmund Fyshe for a messuage and 25 acres called Brokland by surrender of Edward his father, the same for Longdean and Hokeland, part of Phillips in Stanford |
|
4/6 |
Thomas Caplin for 4 closes, part of Peake Keynes and Herne House, 14 acres, by surrender of William Peake |
|
The same for a house and 10 acres called Keynes |
|
|
Thomas Caplin 1625, Will and Inventory, Arch. |
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|
1596 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
|
William Turner son of Joan Turner widow of Thomas Turner, for a cottage at Fordewater and a wood called Fishmeade |
|
Joan Turner 1591, Will and Inventory, Arch |
|
|
Joan Turner 1615, Will and Inventory, Arch. |
|
|
6/10 |
John Heath son of Henry, for house and land at Linsted 15 acres, 1 acre in Kingsmeade and Hillonds 26 acres |
|
Henry Heath 1592, will and Inventory, C.C. 57G. |
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|
John Heath 1599, Will and Inventory, Arch. |
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|
1597 |
|
|
FINES |
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|
15/- |
William Hayes heir of John, for Plaistow 22 acres, a toft and curtilage called Longfords, 34 acres and 3 tofts of ppre., 5 acres |
|
10/- |
John Morer son of Hieronymus for a messuage and 32 acres called High Graveshott by surrender of John Graveshott |
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12/- |
Edward Hunte son of Henry, for a cottage and 1 acre in Westland by surrender of Edward Fyshe |
|
12/6 |
Thomas son of Thomas Turner, for a messuage, fulling mill, 4 crofts of ppre. Containing 6 acres, saving the right of Joan his mother |
|
1598 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
13/4 |
George Quinell heir of Richard Figge for land in Stanford |
|
5/- |
John Vicary heir of William for Smythes |
|
1599 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
4/- |
Margaret Varden, widow, daughter of Richard Boxold for Stonelands 27 acres |
|
|
William Milde (Mills) licence to pull down and rebuild a cottage. He owned 'Bulles' in Grayshott and 'Ayliffes' at Barford |
|
NOTE |
The first entry in English occurred in this account. |
|
1601 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
2/6 |
Thomas Newlyn for a cottage at the gate of the cemetery at Headley by surrender of Richard Stylwell |
|
The same for Vintners 8 acres |
|
|
Peter Fysh son of Edward, for Brokeland, 25 acres |
|
|
10/- |
William Morris son of William, for a messuage and toft called Grymes, 24 acres |
|
Richard Boxall for licence to pull down an old kitchen and a small house adjoining to the same called a skillinge |
|
|
1602 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
|
Richard Newman son of John, for a cottage and curtilage in Grayshott |
|
13/4 |
Henry Streeter for a messuage and 25 acres called Brokeland by surrender of Peter Fyshe |
|
Henry Streeter, 1624, Will and Inventory, Arch. |
|
|
Joan, widow of above, 1631 Will and Inventory, Arch. |
|
|
12/- |
Richard Bettesworth for messuage and fulling mill and 4 crofts and another barn and messuage adjoining by surrender of Thomas Turner |
|
Richard Bettesworth, 1624, Will and Inventory, Arch. |
|
|
14/- |
John Newman for Headley Mill (corn) |
|
6/- |
William Mill for Aytoffes 25 acres and Bulles 18 acres |
|
1603 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
|
John Somers for 'Reynolds' 30 acres by surrender of John his father |
|
1605 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
4/6 |
William Caplin son of Thomas Caplin of Ipynge, for 4 closes part of Keynes and Hernhouse, 14 acres |
|
3/4 |
The same for a messuage and 10 acres, being another part of Keynes |
|
Thomas Caplin, 1625, Will and Inventory, Arch. |
|
|
1606 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
7/4 |
Laurence Neale for North House, 8 acres by surrender of George Norton |
|
3/4 |
Henry Cleare for land by surrender of George Quenell |
|
Henry Cleare, 1616, Will and Inventory, C.C. |
|
|
1608 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
|
Peter Varnden for Stonelands 27 acres in Stanford |
|
8d |
John Stilwell for the cottage by the cemetery |
|
Thomas Caplin, son of William Caplin, for Keynes etc. as previous entry |
|
|
1609 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
|
Joan Creswiche for Clevers |
|
£10 |
Thomas Yalden for licence to cut down 200 oaks on Gore Pouche, 17½ acres |
|
1611 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
3/4 |
William Mill for a toft and 18 acres called 'Bulles' |
|
3/4 |
Robert Martin for messuage, toft and 57 acres (Field House). William Martin for the above by surrender of his father |
|
2/- |
Richard Morer for land at Heath Close |
|
NOTES |
|
|
The whole substance of the accounts was changing rapidly at this time. It is obvious that the entries are no longer the simple record of transfers of land by sale or death. The old lands were being amalgamated into larger holdings on the one hand and at the same time others were split up to accommodate younger sons, or for the erection of new cottages with their small plots of land. Marriage settlements and the marrying of the widow for her land had always been important. Now several of these were actually incorporated in the accounts. There was also a transaction involving the mythical Hugh Hunt??? |
|
|
In the following accounts these rights were often stipulated more exactly, both in the surrenders of land and in the wills. |
|
|
Much of the land was now rented out to tenant farmers or husbandmen, as they were termed in the wills. There was often a stipulation that the tenant should be 'honest and suitable'. Tenancy agreements differing little from those current until the middle of the 20th Century were already in operation. For all these reasons, the remaining fines and information given here are less complete. The new farming had taken over from the medieval. Records of all kinds were much more profuse. There was to be a break during the Commonwealth. But luckily it is often possible to trace properties and owners backwards from the present day through the fines books at the Hampshire Record Office and so link up with the 400 years that have been covered in these notes. |
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|
1615 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
|
Richard Norris for Gore Pouch by surrender of Thomas Yalden |
|
4/- |
Richard Bettesworth for Stonelands 27 acres |
|
|
Robert " " |
|
There is a complicated Hugh Hunt and a marriage settlement in this account and finally |
|
|
11/- |
John Valler son of Jasper, who married Richard Bettesworth's daughter, for Ashford 24 acres and Washford 2 acres |
|
13/4 |
Roger Cleers son of Henry, for land at Stanford and also The Breach (Bretts). Henry's widow is to have 2 rooms over the hall and is to be free to come and go in hall and kitchen. |
|
The contents of these rooms were described in Henry's will. He had land at Milkworth Farm in Binstead. |
|
|
6/- |
For 1 acre in Crockenfield,also in Binstead |
|
1622 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
20d |
William Moser for Kings by surrender of Henry Bettesworth |
|
2/6 |
John Farlie for the cottage at the gate of the cemetery by surrender of William Groundsell, saving the right of Alice Newlyn |
|
1623 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
12d |
Richard Glasier for fishmeade at Lindford with a new cottage by surrender of Thomas Bristowe |
|
4/2 |
Henry Locke for his wife Joan, daughter of Thomas Cheesewecke, for a messuage and land called 'Clevers' formerly of Richard Michenall |
|
3/- |
The same for a messuage and land formerly of William Auncell |
|
William Auncell 1578, Will and Inventory, Arch. p. 123. |
|
|
NOTE |
Many new cottages erected 'in the waste'. |
|
1624 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
10/- |
John Bristowe of Stream (at Wishanger) for licence to cut 12 trees |
|
1629 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
John Compton heir of John Love for Peythese |
|
1/8 |
John Compton for 5 crofts of ppre. |
|
1635 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
4d |
Robert Vicary for ½ acre in Largemore and part of 'Smythes' by surrender of John Vicary |
|
4/8 |
John son of John Vicary for 'Smythes' and to pay to his father (for the land) £60 at his father's house in Odiham |
|
12d |
Katherine Huntingford, came before me Robert Yalden of Peeter Fielde, regarding a cottage, curtilage and garden, surrendered by Elizabeth Madgewick, etc. |
|
This passage suggests that a Court of the Manor was held in Headley. This is hardly surprising considering the distance of Headley from Sutton. In this case, Robert Yalden was probably either an official of the Bishopric or an attorney acting for it. Several other cases have been found where an attorney acting as Steward of the Manor had convened a court in a locality suited to the parties concerned. Katherine Huntingford was the daughter of John Huntingford. The name is continued in the house on Headley Wood Lane which he occupied. At this date it was described as 'lately built'. |
|
|
John Huntingford, 1632, Will and Inventory. |
|
|
10/- |
William Mill son of William, for a messuage, orchard and 25 acres called Ayloffes from his father |
|
1636 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
2/6 |
William Mills for a cottage, orchard and garden called 'Sturtes' by surrender of Katherine Huntingford |
|
4/8 |
John Luffe for 'Smythes' formerly of John Vicary |
|
8/- |
John Norris for 17 acres called Deanlands lately part of a messuage and mill (Barford Mill) by surrender of George Blande (John Newman had Barford Mill) |
|
4/6 |
Henry Caplin for Hern House, 18 acres, by surrender of John Morer |
|
1670 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/- |
Roger Bardin and Elizabeth King for a water mill garden, curtilage and 7 acres, Barford Mill Luttman for High Grayshott and Bulls. He also possessed Hale House in Churt. |
|
3d |
John Huntingford, heir of John, for a close called Churchfield with tenement lately erected, containing 4 acres, next to Latchmere Cross. This was the junction of the lane from Headley with Lindford Lane. 'Lately erected' is merely copied from the earlier fines. This is another example of how single entries can be totally misleading. |
|
10/- |
Robert Harding for Lukes |
|
6/8 |
William Martin son of John, for a toft and 57 acres called Field House |
|
|
|
|
The last books contain little more than lists of Transfers of land. The long breaks in the entries during and after the Civil War make them less useful. The pattern of land holding and farming was already firmly established. Other records, parallel to the transactions above recorded are much more informative. The Ecclesiastical Court Rolls from which the books were compiled are more complete for the latter part of the 17th Century. They also contain presentations to the Manor Court regarding the doings of people otherwise unknown except for the payment of fines. |
|
|
There are several entries of general interest. Through the whole century there had been pressure on the commons by the building of cottages and enclosure of small areas (and occasional quite large ones). In 1674 and other years there were lists of people who submitted petitions to the Bishop concerning their cottages built in the waste. They were usually supported by established tenants who stated that their own rights would not be affected. Most petitions were granted. |
|
|
A further sign of change came in 1685 when there was a petition to enclose 300 acres of Sutton or Windley |
|
|
Brick making had increased steadily. In 1694 a licence was granted for making bricks and tiles at Browne's Coppice in Wrecclesham. There were also references to the bricklakes at Tongham. |
|
|
|
|
|
1694 |
Perhaps it is best to end these notes with an entry in the account for 1694. It demonstrates equally the domination of the Manor over the lives of the people in the past and the source of some of our own bureaucracy today. |
|
4/- |
Being a new rent for permission to dig a hole at 'Dependend' to erect a signpost pointing to the Mansion House of Robert Bagin in Bentley |
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